利用apache的日志文件进行网站流量统计

时间：2007-02-17 来源：PHP爱好者

一、环境：freebsd(linux)+apache+php+mysql
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二、概述：对于使用apache作为web服务器的网站来说，apache的access_log是进行流量统计的重要的依据。
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根据access_log文件来进行流量统计的方法有两种，一种是直接在程序中对log文件进行分析，这种
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方法的一个明显的缺点是速度比较慢，比较耗费资源，因为一个浏览量较高的网站的log文件是非常
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大的，一个典型的例子是老外用c写的analog；另一种方法是把每日的log文件记录导入数据库，再
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用程序对数据库进行分析，这种方法相对前者来说有比较大的速度和性能上的优势。这里我写的这个
程序的功能虽然不及analog等强大，但是……，自己的东西用的还是比较舒服的，呵呵，不过这只是
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我的方法，中间可能会有一些不对的地方，请大家指正。
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三、具体实现：主要利用freebsd(linux)的crontab每天自动定时执行程序产生每日的html格式的流量报表文件。
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注意：以下命令以apache默认的log文件格式处理，如果你定制了不同的log文件格式，具体命令要根据具体情况修改。
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并且要以cgi方式编译一次php，以便以命令行方式运行php程序。
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1.your_log数据表结构
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根据apache默认的log文件中的子段，可以很容易地设计your_log数据表的结构：
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CREATE TABLE your_log (
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host varchar(15) NOT NULL,
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ident varchar(8) NOT NULL,
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auth varchar(20) NOT NULL,
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time varchar(24) NOT NULL,
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zone varchar(8) NOT NULL,
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method varchar(6) NOT NULL,
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file varchar(255) NOT NULL,
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protocol varchar(10) NOT NULL,
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status varchar(5) NOT NULL,
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bytes int(10) DEFAULT '0' NOT NULL,
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KEY host (host),
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KEY file (file),
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KEY status (status),
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KEY bytes (bytes)
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);
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2.分离log文件，形成每天一个log文件，以日期为目录，文件名自定(假设是your_log)
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考虑这个步骤时，想到过利用linux的logrotate功能和apache自带的rotatelogs功能，但是由于我用的是freebsd，没有找到
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logrotate命令，而apache的rotatelogs我用之后没有发现能够指定生成文件名的功能，只能用timestamp作为文件名，对于
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程序来说不好处理，所以我自己想了以下的方法，如果有人认为这样不好而能提供更好的方法，请不吝赐教:)
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mkdir /your_log_dir/`date -v-1d "+%Y%m%d"` #建立每天的log文件目录
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cat /your_apache_log_dir/access_log | grep `date -v-1d "+%d/%b/%Y"` > your_log_dir/`date -v-1d "+%Y%m%d"`/your_log
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将此二命令放入crontab，我设为每天凌晨1点自动运行(时间可自己定，但是一定要在0点以后)。
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3.将日报文件导入数据库
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/your_mysql_bin_dir/mysqlimport -u mysql_username -p mysql_password -d --fields-terminated-by=' ' your_db_name your_log_dir/`date -v-1d "+%Y%m%d"`/your_log
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这个命令先将your_db_name数据库中的your_log数据表清空，再从已生成的your_log文本文件里导入数据，以空格为字段分界。
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将此命令放入crontab，我设为每天凌晨1:30自动运行(时间可自己定，但是一定要在执行第2步以后，先后顺序不能颠倒)。
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4.生成每日流量统计日报html文件的php程序
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a.假设网站的document_root下有以下四个子目录(栏目)：aaa,bbb,ccc,ddd，如有更多，依此类推；
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b.这里只在日报页面上计算以下几个统计数字：数据总流量、总请求次数、访问主机数、总pageview数量、
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各个栏目之pageview数量、每小时的pageview数量；
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c.根据RFC2616标准，请求状态编码中以4和5开头的均为错误或无效请求，在统计时应过滤掉这些数字；
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d.这里我假设整个网站以php构建，计算流量时只考虑*.php和*.html文件以及纯目录请求的次数。
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e.可以根据个人的需要增加很多统计数字，如工作时间与非工作时间的流量等等,这里就不赘述了，请大家自己考虑吧:)
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[dreport.php代码文件]
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<?php
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//--连接数据库--
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$db=@mysql_connect("localhost","user","password") or die(mysql_error());
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@mysql_select_db("your_db_name",$db) or die(mysql_error());
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//--取前一天的timestamp--
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$yestoday_array=getdate(time()-24*60*60);
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$start_time=mktime(0,0,0,$yestoday_array["mon"],$yestoday_array["mday"],$yestoday_array["year"]);
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$end_time=mktime(23,59,59,$yestoday_array["mon"],$yestoday_array["mday"],$yestoday_array["year"]);
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//--计算总数据流量--
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$bytes=0;
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$sql0="select bytes from your_log";
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$res0=mysql_query($sql0) or die(mysql_error());
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while($row0=@mysql_fetch_row($res0)){
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$bytes+=$row0[0];
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}
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//--计算总请求次数--
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$sql1="select count(host) from your_log";
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$res1=mysql_query($sql1) or die(mysql_error());
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$row1=@mysql_fetch_row($res1);
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$hits=$row1[0];
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//--计算访问主机数量--
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$sql2="select distinct host from your_log";
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$res2=mysql_query($sql2) or die(mysql_error());
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$ips=@mysql_num_rows($res2);
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//--计算总pageviews--
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$sql4="select count(host) from your_log where (file like '%.html%' ";
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$sql4.="or file like '%.php%' or file not like '%.%') ";
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$sql4.="and left(status,1) <> '4' and left(status,1) <> '5'";
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$res4=mysql_query($sql4) or die(mysql_error());
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$row4=@mysql_fetch_row($res4);
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$pageviews=$row4[0];
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//--计算aaa栏目的pageviews--
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$sql5="select count(host) from your_log where file like '%/aaa/%' ";
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$sql5.="and (file like '%.php%' or file like '%.html%' or file not like '%.%') ";
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$sql5.="and left(status,1) <> '4' and left(status,1) <> '5'";
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$res5=mysql_query($sql5) or die(mysql_error());
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$row5=@mysql_fetch_row($res5);
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$aaapvs=$row5[0];
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//--计算bbb栏目的pageviews--
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$sql6="select count(host) from your_log where file like '%/bbb/%' ";
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$sql6.="and (file like '%.php%' or file like '%.html%' or file not like '%.%') ";
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$sql6.="and left(status,1) <> '4' and left(status,1) <> '5'";
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$res6=mysql_query($sql6) or die(mysql_error());
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$row6=@mysql_fetch_row($res6);
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$bbbpvs=$row6[0];
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//--计算ccc栏目的pageviews--
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$sql7="select count(host) from your_log where file like '%/ccc/%' ";
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$sql7.="and (file like '%.php%' or file like '%.html%' or file not like '%.%') ";
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$sql7.="and left(status,1) <> '4' and left(status,1) <> '5'";
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$res7=mysql_query($sql7) or die(mysql_error());
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$row7=@mysql_fetch_row($res7);
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$cccpvs=$row7[0];
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//--计算ddd栏目的pageviews--
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$sql8="select count(host) from your_log where file like '%/ddd/%' ";
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$sql8.="and (file like '%.php%' or file like '%.html%' or file not like '%.%') ";
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$sql8.="and left(status,1) <> '4' and left(status,1) <> '5'";
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$res8=mysql_query($sql8) or die(mysql_error());
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$row8=@mysql_fetch_row($res8);
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$dddpvs=$row8[0];
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//--计算首页的pageviews--
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$sqlg="select count(host) from your_log where (file = '/' or file = '/index.html') ";
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$sqlg.="and left(status,1) <> '4' and left(status,1) <> '5'";
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$resg=mysql_query($sqlg) or die(mysql_error());
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$rowg=@mysql_fetch_row($resg);
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$indexpvs=$rowg[0];
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//--report是生成日报文件的字符串--
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$report="<HTML>n";
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$report.="<HEAD>n";
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$report.="<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=gb2312">n";
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$report.="<TITLE>流量统计日报</TITLE>n";
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$report.="</HEAD>n";
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$report.="<BODY>n";
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$report.="时间：".date("Y-m-d H:i:s",$start_time)." -- ".date("Y-m-d H:i:s",$end_time)." n";
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$report.="PageViews:n";
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$report.="数据吞吐总量：".$bytes." Bytes 请求次数：".$hits."　 IP主机数：".$ips." n";
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$report.=" PageViews：".$pageviews."n";
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$report.="各个栏目PageViews：n";
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$report.="<TABLE WIDTH="300" BORDER="1">n";
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$report.=" <TBODY>n";
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$report.=" <TR>n";
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$report.=" <TD>/</TD>n";
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$report.=" <TD>首页</TD>n";
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$report.=" <TD>".$indexpvs."</TD>n";
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$report.=" </TR>n";
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$report.=" <TR>n";
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$report.=" <TD>/aaa/</TD>n";
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$report.=" <TD>aaa栏目</TD>n";
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$report.=" <TD>".$aaapvs."</TD>n";
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$report.=" </TR>n";
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$report.=" <TR>n";
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$report.=" <TD>/bbb/</TD>n";
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$report.=" <TD>bbb栏目</TD>n";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report.=" <TD>".$bbbpvs."</TD>n";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report.=" </TR>n";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report.=" <TR>n";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report.=" <TD>/ccc/</TD>n";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report.=" <TD>ccc栏目</TD>n";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report.=" <TD>".$cccpvs."</TD>n";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report.=" </TR>n";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report.=" <TR>n";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report.=" <TD>/ddd/</TD>n";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report.=" <TD>ddd栏目</TD>n";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report.=" <TD>".$dddpvs."</TD>n";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report.=" </TR>n";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report.=" <TR>n";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report.=" <TD>　</TD>n";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report.=" <TD>总数</TD>n";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report.=" <TD>".$pageviews."</TD>n";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report.=" </TR>n";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report.=" </TBODY>n";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report.="</TABLE>n";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report.="每小时PageViews：n";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report.="<TABLE WIDTH="300" BORDER="1">n";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report.=" <COL WIDTH="439" STYLE="mso-width-source:userset;mso-width-alt:14048;width:329pt">n";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report.=" <COL WIDTH="120" STYLE="mso-width-source:userset;mso-width-alt:3840;width:90pt">n";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report.=" <TR HEIGHT="21" STYLE="n";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report.=" <TD HEIGHT="21" CLASS="xl22" WIDTH="200" STYLE="Hour</TD>n";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report.=" <TD CLASS="xl22" WIDTH="100" HEIGHT="21">  Page Views</TD>n";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report.=" </TR>n";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX

chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
//--每小时的pageview--
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
for($i=0;$i<24;$i++){
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$date_temp=date("[d/M/Y:",time()-24*60*60).sprintf("%02d",$i);
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$sqlh="select count(host) from your_log where (file like '%.html%' or file like '%.php%' ";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$sqlh.="or file not like '%.%') and time like '$date_temp%' ";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$sqlh.="and left(status,1) <> '4' and left(status,1) <> '5'";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$resh=mysql_query($sqlh) or die(mysql_error());
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$rowh=@mysql_fetch_row($resh);
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report.=" <TR HEIGHT="19" STYLE="n";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report.=" <TD HEIGHT="19" CLASS="xl23" STYLE="".sprintf("%02d",$i).":00 - ".sprintf("%02d",$i).":59</TD>n";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report.=" <TD CLASS="xl23" x:num WIDTH="100" HEIGHT="19">".$rowh[0]."</TD>n";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report.=" </TR>n";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
}
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX

chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
//--关闭数据库--
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
mysql_close();
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX

chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report.="</TABLE>n";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report.="</BODY>n";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report.="</HTML>";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX

chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
//--生成每天的流量统计html页面文件，以日期为文件名--
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$report_file="/your_report_dir/".date("Ymd",time()-24*60*60).".html";
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
$fp=fopen($report_file,"w");
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
fwrite($fp,$report);
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
fclose($fp);
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
?>
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX

chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
5.每天凌晨执行2、3步后执行此程序，将自动产生前一天的流量统计html页面
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
/your_php_bin_dir/php /some_dir/dreport.php
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
将此命令放入crontab，我设为每天凌晨2:00自动运行(时间可自己定，但是一定要在第3步以后，先后顺序不能颠倒)。
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX

chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
四、结束语
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
终于要写完了，这里还要补充一些东西。对于流量非常大的大型网站，可能并不适合把以上的步骤都放在web服务器上
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
自动定时运行，因为可能会对服务器造成比较大的负荷，所以当遇到这种情况时，也许用php来完成这个任务并不是很好的
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
选择，可以考虑用效率最高的c/c++来写程序，还有就是可以考虑把apache的日志文件下载到本地的服务器，再用以上方法
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
来完成任务。还要提醒朋友们，这里主要阐述的是一个解决方案、一种思路，遇到不同的情况时还是要具体问题具体分析
chi na it p owe r .comXibNbPsMkXxI7d4utj22rwKjX
的:)，我把它写出来希望能够起到抛砖引玉的作用，期待您的意见与建议！(是不是有人嫌我太罗嗦了？我走……)
php爱好者站 http://www.phpfans.net 为phper提供一切资讯.