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tie

Perl 5 version 26.1 documentation
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tie

Perl functions A-Z | Perl functions by category | The 'perlfunc' manpage
  • tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST

    This function binds a variable to a package class that will provide the implementation for the variable. VARIABLE is the name of the variable to be enchanted. CLASSNAME is the name of a class implementing objects of correct type. Any additional arguments are passed to the appropriate constructor method of the class (meaning TIESCALAR , TIEHANDLE , TIEARRAY , or TIEHASH ). Typically these are arguments such as might be passed to the dbm_open(3) function of C. The object returned by the constructor is also returned by the tie function, which would be useful if you want to access other methods in CLASSNAME.

    Note that functions such as keys and values may return huge lists when used on large objects, like DBM files. You may prefer to use the each function to iterate over such. Example:

    1.     # print out history file offsets
    2.     use NDBM_File;
    3.     tie(my %HIST, 'NDBM_File', '/usr/lib/news/history', 1, 0);
    4.     while (my ($key,$val) = each %HIST) {
    5.         print $key, ' = ', unpack('L', $val), "\n";
    6.     }

    A class implementing a hash should have the following methods:

    1.     TIEHASH classname, LIST
    2.     FETCH this, key
    3.     STORE this, key, value
    4.     DELETE this, key
    5.     CLEAR this
    6.     EXISTS this, key
    7.     FIRSTKEY this
    8.     NEXTKEY this, lastkey
    9.     SCALAR this
    10.     DESTROY this
    11.     UNTIE this

    A class implementing an ordinary array should have the following methods:

    1.     TIEARRAY classname, LIST
    2.     FETCH this, key
    3.     STORE this, key, value
    4.     FETCHSIZE this
    5.     STORESIZE this, count
    6.     CLEAR this
    7.     PUSH this, LIST
    8.     POP this
    9.     SHIFT this
    10.     UNSHIFT this, LIST
    11.     SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
    12.     EXTEND this, count
    13.     DELETE this, key
    14.     EXISTS this, key
    15.     DESTROY this
    16.     UNTIE this

    A class implementing a filehandle should have the following methods:

    1.     TIEHANDLE classname, LIST
    2.     READ this, scalar, length, offset
    3.     READLINE this
    4.     GETC this
    5.     WRITE this, scalar, length, offset
    6.     PRINT this, LIST
    7.     PRINTF this, format, LIST
    8.     BINMODE this
    9.     EOF this
    10.     FILENO this
    11.     SEEK this, position, whence
    12.     TELL this
    13.     OPEN this, mode, LIST
    14.     CLOSE this
    15.     DESTROY this
    16.     UNTIE this

    A class implementing a scalar should have the following methods:

    1.     TIESCALAR classname, LIST
    2.     FETCH this,
    3.     STORE this, value
    4.     DESTROY this
    5.     UNTIE this

    Not all methods indicated above need be implemented. See perltie, Tie::Hash, Tie::Array, Tie::Scalar, and Tie::Handle.

    Unlike dbmopen, the tie function will not use or require a module for you; you need to do that explicitly yourself. See DB_File or the Config module for interesting tie implementations.

    For further details see perltie, tied.