在数据库中保存Checkbox数据(一)
时间：2007-02-17 来源：PHP爱好者
介绍
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checkbox是一个非常有用的页面表单项，在让用户进行多重选择的情况下，它甚至可以允许用户选择全部项目或是一个都不选。但是，尽管这是一个非常优秀的表单元素，但在我们的工作中，在如何正确地保存选择项这方面总存在一些易混淆的情况发生。本文将描述如何把checkbox选择项正确地保存在数据库中，遵循好的数据库设计原则的方法下。
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要求
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本文将阐述如何把选择项正确地保存在用户数据库中的方法。尽管这里包括了有用的PHP代码，但我将从数据库设计的观点来表达它们，所以，你可以很方便地使用任何一个数据库和服务器端脚本语言来实现。我只是想提供一个如何做的方法，让你能应用于你自己的站点中。如果你想运行这里的源码，你需要安装php、mysql和网络服务器。
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例1：招聘站点
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假如你被要求做一个招聘类的网站，允许求职的软件开发人员填写他们的技能，让雇主能访问这个站点并根据求职者的技能找到合适的员工。你也知道，一个开发人员拥有的技能会多于一个，因此你决定这样设计你的站点。
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每一个求职者将允许访问本站，注册一个用户，并且输入他的技能，Checkbox就派上用场了，你可能想作这样的一页：
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__ PHP __ MySQL __ Zope
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__ Perl __ Javascript __ JSP
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[提交]
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每一个求职都可以选择他所拥有的技能。显然对于不同人来说这选择项是不同的。一个人可能会是PHP和Mysql，其它人可能只是JSP。你将如何保存这些选择呢？一个很自然的想法是针对每个选项建一个字段，这样开始可以正常工作。但是随后你可能会发现，当你想扩展或调整时，麻烦就来了，你可能不得不修改你的表结构。好的方法应是这样的：
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你应有一个用户表包含用户的注册信息，如用户名、密码和其它一些你需要的什么内容。假如你直接使用本文后面给出的源码，你要建一个简单的表如下：
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id username
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1 User1
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2 User2
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3 User3
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我们先建一个表 "const_skills" 用如下的 SQL 语句：
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SQL> CREATE TABLE const_skills (
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id int not null primary key,
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value varchar(20) );
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现在我们加入技能：
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SQL> INSERT INTO const_skills(id, value) VALUES (1, "PHP");
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SQL> INSERT INTO const_skills(id, value) VALUES (2, "MySQL");
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SQL> INSERT INTO const_skills(id, value) VALUES (3, "Zope");
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SQL> INSERT INTO const_skills(id, value) VALUES (4, "Perl");
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SQL> INSERT INTO const_skills(id, value) VALUES (5, "Javascript");
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SQL> INSERT INTO const_skills(id, value) VALUES (6, "JSP");
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你的 const_skills 现在应是这样的：
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id value
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1 PHP
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2 MySQL
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3 Zope
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4 Perl
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5 Javascript
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6 JSP
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这个表只是让用户可以选择相应的技能，现在，再建一个表 lookup_skills 用如下的SQL：
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SQL> CREATE TABLE lookup_skills (
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id int not null auto_increment primary key,
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uid int,
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skill_id int );
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这个表lookup_skills的目的是提供从用户表到开发技能表之间的一个映射关系。换句话说，它让我们保存开发者和他们有的技能，如，当求职者完成选择点击提交时，我们将填写这个表用checkbox中被选定的那些值。对于每一个选上的技能，我们在这个表中加一条记录，记下用户id及所选项的id。（想必大家都清楚了吧。我译到这，嘿嘿…）在我们看这个插入记录的代码之前，我们先设计一下这个页面，应有的内容有一个表单，我们可以查询的数据库并且取checkbox标签从const_skills表中，建这个checkbox表单项。代码如下：
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<?php
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/* insert code to connect to your database here */
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/* get the checkbox labels */
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$skills = get_checkbox_labels("const_skills");
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/* create the html code for a formatted set of
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checkboxes */
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$html_skills = make_checkbox_html($skills, 3, 400, "skills[]");
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?>
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<html>
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<body>
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<br>
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<form name="skills" method="POST" action="insertskills.php">
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Check off your web development skills:
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<? echo "$html_skills"; ?>
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<br>
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<input type="submit" value="Submit">
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</form>
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</body>
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</html>
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<?php
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function get_checkbox_labels($table_name) {
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/* make an array */
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$arr = array();
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/* construct the query */
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$query = "SELECT * FROM $table_name";
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/* execute the query */
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$qid = mysql_query($query);
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/* each row in the result set will be packaged as
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an object and put in an array */
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while($row= mysql_fetch_object($qid)) {
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array_push($arr, $row);
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}
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return $arr;
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}
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/* Prints a nicely formatted table of checkbox choices.
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$arr is an array of objects that contain the choices
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$num is the number of elements wide we display in the table
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$width is the value of the width parameter to the table tag
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$name is the name of the checkbox array
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$checked is an array of element names that should be checked
*/
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function make_checkbox_html($arr, $num, $width, $name, $checked) {
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/* create string to hold out html */
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$str = "";
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/* make it */
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$str .= "<table width="$width" border="0">n";
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$str .= "<tr>n";
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/* determine if we will have to close add
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a closing tr tag at the end of our table */
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if (count($arr) % $num != 0) {
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$closingTR = true;
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}
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$i = 1;
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if (isset($checked)) {
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/* if we passed in an array of the checkboxes we want
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to be displayed as checked */
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foreach ($arr as $ele) {
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$str .= "<td><input type="checkbox" name="$name" value="$ele->id"";
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foreach ($checked as $entry) {
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if ($entry == $ele->value) {
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$str .= "checked";
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continue;
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}
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}
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$str .= ">";
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$str .= "$ele->value";
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if ($i % $num == 0) {
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$str .= "</tr>n<tr>";
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} else {
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$str .= "</td>n";
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}
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$i++;
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}
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} else {
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/* we just want to print the checkboxes. none will have checks */
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foreach ($arr as $ele) {
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$str .= "<td><input type="checkbox" name="$name" value="$ele->id">";
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$str .= "$ele->value";
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if ($i % $num == 0) {
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$str .= "</tr>n<tr>";
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} else {
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$str .= "</td>n";
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}
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$i++;
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}
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}
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/* tack on a closing tr tag if necessary */
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if ($closingTR == true) {
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$str .= "</tr></table>n";
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} else {
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$str .= "</table>n";
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}
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return $str;
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}
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?>
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[第一节完]
作者：Dan LaFlamme
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译者：sharetop([email protected])
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来源: www.phpbuilder.net
php爱好者站 http://www.ｐｈｐfans.net php动态|php基础|php进阶|php模板.
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checkbox是一个非常有用的页面表单项，在让用户进行多重选择的情况下，它甚至可以允许用户选择全部项目或是一个都不选。但是，尽管这是一个非常优秀的表单元素，但在我们的工作中，在如何正确地保存选择项这方面总存在一些易混淆的情况发生。本文将描述如何把checkbox选择项正确地保存在数据库中，遵循好的数据库设计原则的方法下。
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要求
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本文将阐述如何把选择项正确地保存在用户数据库中的方法。尽管这里包括了有用的PHP代码，但我将从数据库设计的观点来表达它们，所以，你可以很方便地使用任何一个数据库和服务器端脚本语言来实现。我只是想提供一个如何做的方法，让你能应用于你自己的站点中。如果你想运行这里的源码，你需要安装php、mysql和网络服务器。
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例1：招聘站点
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假如你被要求做一个招聘类的网站，允许求职的软件开发人员填写他们的技能，让雇主能访问这个站点并根据求职者的技能找到合适的员工。你也知道，一个开发人员拥有的技能会多于一个，因此你决定这样设计你的站点。
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每一个求职者将允许访问本站，注册一个用户，并且输入他的技能，Checkbox就派上用场了，你可能想作这样的一页：
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__ PHP __ MySQL __ Zope
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__ Perl __ Javascript __ JSP
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[提交]
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每一个求职都可以选择他所拥有的技能。显然对于不同人来说这选择项是不同的。一个人可能会是PHP和Mysql，其它人可能只是JSP。你将如何保存这些选择呢？一个很自然的想法是针对每个选项建一个字段，这样开始可以正常工作。但是随后你可能会发现，当你想扩展或调整时，麻烦就来了，你可能不得不修改你的表结构。好的方法应是这样的：
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你应有一个用户表包含用户的注册信息，如用户名、密码和其它一些你需要的什么内容。假如你直接使用本文后面给出的源码，你要建一个简单的表如下：
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id username
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1 User1
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2 User2
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3 User3
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我们先建一个表 "const_skills" 用如下的 SQL 语句：
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SQL> CREATE TABLE const_skills (
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id int not null primary key,
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value varchar(20) );
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现在我们加入技能：
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SQL> INSERT INTO const_skills(id, value) VALUES (1, "PHP");
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SQL> INSERT INTO const_skills(id, value) VALUES (2, "MySQL");
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SQL> INSERT INTO const_skills(id, value) VALUES (3, "Zope");
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SQL> INSERT INTO const_skills(id, value) VALUES (4, "Perl");
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SQL> INSERT INTO const_skills(id, value) VALUES (5, "Javascript");
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SQL> INSERT INTO const_skills(id, value) VALUES (6, "JSP");
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你的 const_skills 现在应是这样的：
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id value
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1 PHP
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2 MySQL
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3 Zope
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4 Perl
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5 Javascript
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6 JSP
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这个表只是让用户可以选择相应的技能，现在，再建一个表 lookup_skills 用如下的SQL：
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SQL> CREATE TABLE lookup_skills (
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id int not null auto_increment primary key,
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uid int,
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skill_id int );
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这个表lookup_skills的目的是提供从用户表到开发技能表之间的一个映射关系。换句话说，它让我们保存开发者和他们有的技能，如，当求职者完成选择点击提交时，我们将填写这个表用checkbox中被选定的那些值。对于每一个选上的技能，我们在这个表中加一条记录，记下用户id及所选项的id。（想必大家都清楚了吧。我译到这，嘿嘿…）在我们看这个插入记录的代码之前，我们先设计一下这个页面，应有的内容有一个表单，我们可以查询的数据库并且取checkbox标签从const_skills表中，建这个checkbox表单项。代码如下：
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<?php
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/* insert code to connect to your database here */
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/* get the checkbox labels */
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$skills = get_checkbox_labels("const_skills");
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/* create the html code for a formatted set of
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checkboxes */
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$html_skills = make_checkbox_html($skills, 3, 400, "skills[]");
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?>
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<html>
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<body>
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<br>
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<form name="skills" method="POST" action="insertskills.php">
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Check off your web development skills:
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<? echo "$html_skills"; ?>
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<br>
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<input type="submit" value="Submit">
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</form>
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</body>
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</html>
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<?php
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function get_checkbox_labels($table_name) {
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/* make an array */
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$arr = array();
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/* construct the query */
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$query = "SELECT * FROM $table_name";
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/* execute the query */
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$qid = mysql_query($query);
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/* each row in the result set will be packaged as
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an object and put in an array */
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while($row= mysql_fetch_object($qid)) {
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array_push($arr, $row);
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}
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return $arr;
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}
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/* Prints a nicely formatted table of checkbox choices.
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$arr is an array of objects that contain the choices
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$num is the number of elements wide we display in the table
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$width is the value of the width parameter to the table tag
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$name is the name of the checkbox array
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$checked is an array of element names that should be checked
*/
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function make_checkbox_html($arr, $num, $width, $name, $checked) {
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/* create string to hold out html */
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$str = "";
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/* make it */
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$str .= "<table width="$width" border="0">n";
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$str .= "<tr>n";
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/* determine if we will have to close add
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a closing tr tag at the end of our table */
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if (count($arr) % $num != 0) {
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$closingTR = true;
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}
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$i = 1;
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if (isset($checked)) {
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/* if we passed in an array of the checkboxes we want
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to be displayed as checked */
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foreach ($arr as $ele) {
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$str .= "<td><input type="checkbox" name="$name" value="$ele->id"";
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foreach ($checked as $entry) {
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if ($entry == $ele->value) {
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$str .= "checked";
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continue;
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}
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}
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$str .= ">";
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$str .= "$ele->value";
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if ($i % $num == 0) {
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$str .= "</tr>n<tr>";
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} else {
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$str .= "</td>n";
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}
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$i++;
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}
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} else {
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/* we just want to print the checkboxes. none will have checks */
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foreach ($arr as $ele) {
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$str .= "<td><input type="checkbox" name="$name" value="$ele->id">";
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$str .= "$ele->value";
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if ($i % $num == 0) {
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$str .= "</tr>n<tr>";
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} else {
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$str .= "</td>n";
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}
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$i++;
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}
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}
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/* tack on a closing tr tag if necessary */
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if ($closingTR == true) {
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$str .= "</tr></table>n";
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} else {
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$str .= "</table>n";
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}
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return $str;
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}
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?>
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[第一节完]
作者：Dan LaFlamme
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译者：sharetop([email protected])
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来源: www.phpbuilder.net
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