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php爱好者> php文档>关于php正则表达式的两点备注

关于php正则表达式的两点备注

时间:2007-02-17  来源:PHP爱好者

severaltipsaboutRegularExpressions
   1.processfor"greedy"
   Bydefault,thequantifiersare"greedy",thatis,they
   matchasmuchaspossible(uptothemaximumnumberofper-
   mittedtimes),withoutcausingtherestofthepatternto
   fail.Theclassicexampleofwherethisgivesproblemsisin
   tryingtomatchcommentsinCprograms.Theseappearbetween
   thesequences/*and*/andwithinthesequence,individual
   *and/charactersmayappear.AnattempttomatchCcom-
   mentsbyapplyingthepattern
  
   /*.**/
  
   tothestring
  
   /*firstcommand*/notcomment/*secondcomment*/
  
   fails,becauseitmatchestheentirestringduetothe
   greedinessofthe.*item.
  
   However,ifaquantifierisfollowedbyaquestionmark,
   thenitceasestobegreedy,andinsteadmatchestheminimum
   numberoftimespossible,sothepattern
  
   /*.*?*/
  小结:
   ?与/U有类似功能,但同时出现彼此抵消
  
   如下:
      $a="asdf/*asdfaldsfasdf*/asfdasldf;kfldsj*/asfddsaf";
   $pattern="//*.*?*//";
   //$pattern="//*.**//U";
   //$pattern="//*.*?*//U";
   preg_match($pattern,$a,$match);
   print_r($match);
   ?>
  
   2.Assertions
   w+(?=;)
  
   matchesawordfollowedbyasemicolon,butdoesnotinclude
   thesemicoloninthematch,and
  
   foo(?!bar)
  
   matchesanyoccurrenceof"foo"thatisnotfollowedby
   "bar".Notethattheapparentlysimilarpattern
  
   小结:
   (?!)只前向判断匹配,如bar(?!foo),而(?!foo)bar没有意义
   (?


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