MySQL 5.1学习笔记(1)-基本操作

时间：2011-04-16 来源：icejoywoo

参考了官方文档: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/zh/tutorial.html

命令行登录数据库(mysql -uroot -p直接跟密码, 不带空格, 可以直接登录)
mysql -u root -p
输入密码

查看数据库列表
show databases

+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| cdcol              |
| menagerie          |
| mysql              |
| phpmyadmin         |
| roadofhonda        |
| spring             |
| test               |
+--------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

创建数据库
CREATE DATABASE menagerie;

切换到数据库menagerie
use menagerie

创建数据表

CREATE TABLE pet (
    name VARCHAR(20),
    owner VARCHAR(20),
    species VARCHAR(20),
    sex CHAR(1),
    birth DATE,
    death DATE
);

到mysql安装目录的data下去查看, 多了一个文件夹menagerie, 进入文件夹, 发现有这样几个文件

pet.frm 结构文件
pet.MYD 数据文件
pet.MYI 索引文件

查看创建表的信息
DESCRIBE pet

+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field   | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| name    | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| owner   | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| species | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| sex     | char(1)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| birth   | date        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| death   | date        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.02 sec)

使用文本来写pet表的数据, NULL值用\N来表示
我使用的是windows, 路径在windows下为c:\pet.txt, 但是在mysql下应该为c:/pet.txt或c:\\pet.txt
这个是转义字符, 想得到"\"需要输入"\\"

LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE 'c:/pet.txt' INTO TABLE pet;

pet.txt文件内容

Fluffy    Harold    cat    f    1993-02-04    \N
Claws    Gwen    cat    m    1994-03-17    \N
Buffy    Harold    dog    f    1989-05-13    \N
Fang    Benny    dog    m    1990-08-27    \N
Bowser    Diane    dog    m    1979-08-31    1995-07-29
Chirpy    Gwen    bird    f    1998-09-11    \N
Whistler    Gwen    bird    \N    1997-12-09    \N
Slim    Benny    snake    m    1996-04-29    \N

查看插入的数据
SELECT * FROM pet;

+----------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| name     | owner  | species | sex  | birth      | death      |
+----------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| Fluffy   | Harold | cat     | f    | 1993-02-04 | NULL       |
| Claws    | Gwen   | cat     | m    | 1994-03-17 | NULL       |
| Buffy    | Harold | dog     | f    | 1989-05-13 | NULL       |
| Fang     | Benny  | dog     | m    | 1990-08-27 | NULL       |
| Bowser   | Diane  | dog     | m    | 1979-08-31 | 1995-07-29 |
| Chirpy   | Gwen   | bird    | f    | 1998-09-11 | NULL       |
| Whistler | Gwen   | bird    | NULL | 1997-12-09 | NULL       |
| Slim     | Benny  | snake   | m    | 1996-04-29 | NULL       |
+----------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)