Android基础学习之Intent
时间:2011-03-10 来源:路人甲说
Android用Intent这个特殊类实现Activity与Activity之间的切换。Intent类用于描述应用的功能。在Intent的描述结构中,有两个最重要的部分:动作和动作对应的数据。
Intent作用的表现形式为:
1、通过Context.startActivity() orActivity.startActivityForResult() 启动一个Activity;
2、通过 Context.startService() 启动一个服务,或者通过Context.bindService() 和后台服务交互;
3、通过广播方法(比如 Context.sendBroadcast(),Context.sendOrderedBroadcast(), Context.sendStickyBroadcast()) 发给broadcast receivers。
Intent属性的设置,包括以下几点:(以下为XML中定义,当然也可以通过Intent类的方法来获取和设置)
一、Action,也就是要执行的动作
SDk中定义了一些标准的动作,包括:
onstant | Target component | Action |
---|---|---|
ACTION_CALL | activity | Initiate a phone call. |
ACTION_EDIT | activity | Display data for the user to edit. |
ACTION_MAIN | activity | Start up as the initial activity of a task, with no data input and no returned output. |
ACTION_SYNC | activity | Synchronize data on a server with data on the mobile device. |
ACTION_BATTERY_LOW | broadcast receiver | A warning that the battery is low. |
ACTION_HEADSET_PLUG | broadcast receiver | A headset has been plugged into the device, or unplugged from it. |
ACTION_SCREEN_ON | broadcast receiver | The screen has been turned on. |
ACTION_TIMEZONE_CHANGED | broadcast receiver | The setting for the time zone has changed. |
当然,也可以自定义动作。
二、Data,也就是执行动作要操作的数据
Android中采用指向数据的一个URI来表示,如在联系人应用中,一个指向某联系人的URI可能为:content://contacts/1。对于不同的动作,其URI数据的类型是不同的(可以设置type属性指定特定类型数据),如 ACTION_EDIT指定Data为文件URI,打电话为tel:URI,访问网络为http:URI,而由content provider提供的数据则为content: URIs。
三、type(数据类型),显式指定Intent的数据类型(MIME)。
一般Intent的数据类型能够根据数据本身进行判定,但是通过设置这个属性,可以强制采用显式指定的类型而不再进行推导。
四、category(类别),被执行动作的附加信息。
例如 LAUNCHER_CATEGORY 表示Intent 的接受者应该在Launcher中作为顶级应用出现;而ALTERNATIVE_CATEGORY表示当前的Intent是一系列的可选动作中的一个,这些动作可以在同一块数据上执行。还有其他的为:
Constant | Meaning |
---|---|
CATEGORY_BROWSABLE | The target activity can be safely invoked by the browser to display data referenced by a link — for example, an image or an e-mail message. |
CATEGORY_GADGET | The activity can be embedded inside of another activity that hosts gadgets. |
CATEGORY_HOME | The activity displays the home screen, the first screen the user sees when the device is turned on or when the HOME key is pressed. |
CATEGORY_LAUNCHER | The activity can be the initial activity of a task and is listed in the top-level application launcher. |
CATEGORY_PREFERENCE | The target activity is a preference panel. |
五、component(组件),指定Intent的的目标组件的类名称。
通常 Android会根据Intent 中包含的其它属性的信息,比如action、data/type、category进行查找,最终找到一个与之匹配的目标组件。但是,如果 component这个属性有指定的话,将直接使用它指定的组件,而不再执行上述查找过程。指定了这个属性以后,Intent的其它所有属性都是可选的。
六、extras(附加信息),是其它所有附加信息的集合。
Intent的解析机制可参考上一篇文章:http://www.cnblogs.com/lurenjiashuo/archive/2011/03/09/1978260.html
七、Android Intent常用用法汇总
1、显示网页:
Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://www.cnblogs.com");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
startActivity(it);
2、显示地图:
Uri uri = Uri.parse("geo:38.899533,-77.036476");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
startActivity(it);
3、路径规划:
Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://maps.google.com/maps? f=d&saddr=startLat%20startLng&daddr=endLat%20endLng&hl=en");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
startActivity(it);
4、打电话:
//叫出拨号程序
Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel:0800000123");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DIAL, uri);
startActivity(it);
//直接打电话出去
Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel:0800000123");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL, uri);
startActivity(it);
//用這個,要在 AndroidManifest.xml 中,加上
//<uses-permission id="android.permission.CALL_PHONE" />
5、传送SMS/MMS:
//调用短信程序
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text");
it.setType("vnd.android-dir/mms-sms");
startActivity(it);
//传送消息
Uri uri = Uri.parse("smsto://0800000123");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri);
it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text");
startActivity(it);
//传送 MMS
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://media/external/images/media/23");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
it.putExtra("sms_body", "some text");
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, uri);
it.setType("image/png");
startActivity(it);
6、传送 Email:
//方法一
Uri uri = Uri.parse("mailto:[email protected]");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri);
startActivity(it);
//方法二
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, "[email protected]");
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text");
it.setType("text/plain");
startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));
//方法三
Intent it=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
String[] tos={"[email protected]"};
String[] ccs={"[email protected]"};
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, tos);
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CC, ccs);
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text");
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text");
it.setType("message/rfc822");
startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));
//传送附件
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text");
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, "file:///sdcard/mysong.mp3");
sendIntent.setType("audio/mp3");
startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));
7、播放多媒体:
//方法一Uri uri = Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/song.mp3");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
it.setType("audio/mp3");
startActivity(it); //方法二
Uri uri = Uri.withAppendedPath(MediaStore.Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "1");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
startActivity(it);
8、Market 相关:
//寻找某个应用
Uri uri = Uri.parse("market://search?q=pname:pkg_name");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
startActivity(it);
//where pkg_name is the full package path for an application
//显示某个应用的相关信息
Uri uri = Uri.parse("market://details?id=app_id");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
startActivity(it);
//where app_id is the application ID, find the ID
//by clicking on your application on Market home
//page, and notice the ID from the address bar
9、Uninstall 应用程序:
Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", strPackageName, null);
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DELETE, uri);
startActivity(it);