C语言字符串操作常用库函数
时间:2011-03-07 来源:bingcaihuang
举例:
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?- char fullname="./lib/lib1.so";
- char *ptr;
- ptr = strrchr(fullname,'/');
- printf("filename is %s",++ptr);
- //运行结果:filename is lib1.so
函数名: strchr
功 能: 在串中查找指定字符的第一个出现
用 法: char *strchr(char *str, char c);
举例:
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?- char fullname="./lib/lib1.so";
- char *ptr;
- ptr = strrchr(fullname,'.');
- printf("after strchr() is %s",++ptr);
- //运行结果:after strchr() is /lib/lib1.so
函数名: strtok
功 能: 在串中查找指定字符的第一个出现
用 法: char *strtok(char *s, char *delim);
说明:
1.strtok函数的实质上的处理是,strtok在s中查找包含在delim中的字符并用NULL(’\0′)来替换,直到找遍整个字符串。这句话有两层含义:(1)每次调用strtok函数只能获得一个分割单位。(2)要获得所有的分割单元必须反复调用strtok函数。
2.strtok函数以后的调用时的需用NULL来替换s.
3.形参s(要分割的字符串)对应的变量应用char s[]=”….”形式,而不能用char *s=”….”形式。
举例:
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?- void main()
- {
- char buf[]=”Golden Global View”;
- char* token = strtok( buf, ” “);
- while( token != NULL )
- {
- printf( ”%s “, token );
- token = strtok( NULL, ” “);
- }
- return 0;
- }
- /*其结果为:
- Golden
- Global
- View
- */
函数名:strncpy
功能:把src所指由NULL结束的字符串的前n个字节复制到dest所指的数组中
用法:char *strncpy(char *dest, char *src, int n);
说明:
如果src的前n个字节不含NULL字符,则结果不会以NULL字符结束。
如果src的长度小于n个字节,则以NULL填充dest直到复制完n个字节。
src和dest所指内存区域不可以重叠且dest必须有足够的空间来容纳src的字符串。
返回指向dest的指针。
举例:
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?- #include <syslib.h>
- #include <string.h>
- main()
- {
- char buf[4];
- char *s="abcdefg";
- strncpy(buf,s,4);
- printf("%s\n",buf);
- return 0;
- }
- /*运行结果:
- abcd
- */
函数名: stpcpy
功 能: 拷贝一个字符串到另一个
用 法: char *stpcpy(char *destin, char *source);
举例:
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <string.h>
- int main(void)
- {
- char string[10];
- char *str1 = "abcdefghi";
- stpcpy(string, str1);
- printf("%s\n", string);
- return 0;
- }
- /*运行结果
- abcdefghi
- */
函数名: strcat
功 能: 字符串拼接函数
用 法: char *strcat(char *destin, char *source);
举例:
- #include <string.h>
- #include <stdio.h>
- int main(void)
- {
- char destination[25];
- char *blank = " ", *c = "C++", *Borland = "Borland";
- strcpy(destination, Borland);
- strcat(destination, blank);
- strcat(destination, c);
- printf("%s\n", destination);
- return 0;
- }
- /*运行结果:
- Borland C++
- */
函数名: strcmp
功 能: 串比较
用 法: int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2);
看Asic码,str1>str2,返回值 > 0;两串相等,返回0
举例:
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?- #include <string.h>
- #include <stdio.h>
- int main(void)
- {
- char *buf1 = "aaa", *buf2 = "bbb";
- int ptr;
- ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1);
- if (ptr > 0)
- printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
- else if(ptr < 0)
- printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");
- else
- printf("buffer 2 is equal with buffer 1\n");
- return 0;
- }
- /*运行结果:
- buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1
- */
函数名: strncmpi
功 能: 将一个串中的一部分与另一个串比较, 不管大小写
用 法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);
举例:
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?- #include <string.h>
- #include <stdio.h>
- int main(void)
- {
- char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
- int ptr;
- ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1);
- if (ptr > 0)
- printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
- if (ptr < 0)
- printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");
- if (ptr == 0)
- printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n");
- return 0;
- }
函数名: strcspn
功 能: 在串中查找第一个给定字符集内容的段
用 法: int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2);
举例:
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <alloc.h>
- int main(void)
- {
- char *string1 = "1234567890";
- char *string2 = "747DC8";
- int length;
- length = strcspn(string1, string2);
- printf("Character where strings intersect is at position %d\n", length);
- return 0;
- }
函数名: strdup
功 能: 将串拷贝到新建的位置处
用 法: char *strdup(char *str);
举例:
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <alloc.h>
- int main(void)
- {
- char *dup_str, *string = "abcde";
- dup_str = strdup(string);
- printf("%s\n", dup_str);
- free(dup_str);
- return 0;
- }
函数名: stricmp
功 能: 以大小写不敏感方式比较两个串
用 法: int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2);
举例:
- #include <string.h>
- #include <stdio.h>
- int main(void)
- {
- char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
- int ptr;
- ptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1);
- if (ptr > 0)
- printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
- if (ptr < 0)
- printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");
- if (ptr == 0)
- printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n");
- return 0;
- }
函数名: strerror
功 能: 返回指向错误信息字符串的指针
用 法: char *strerror(int errnum);
举例:
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <errno.h>
- int main(void)
- {
- char *buffer;
- buffer = strerror(errno);
- printf("Error: %s\n", buffer);
- return 0;
- }
函数名: strncmp
功 能: 串比较
用 法: int strncmp(char *str1, char *str2, int maxlen);
举例:
- #include <string.h>
- #include <stdio.h>
- int main(void)
- {
- char *buf1 = "aaabbb", *buf2 = "bbbccc", *buf3 = "ccc";
- int ptr;
- ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf1,3);
- if (ptr > 0)
- printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
- else
- printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");
- ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf3,3);
- if (ptr > 0)
- printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n");
- else
- printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n");
- return(0);
- }
函数名: strncmpi
功 能: 把串中的一部分与另一串中的一部分比较, 不管大小写
用 法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2, int len);
举例:
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?- #include <string.h>
- #include <stdio.h>
- int main(void)
- {
- char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc";
- int ptr;
- ptr = strncmpi(buf2,buf1,3);
- if (ptr > 0)
- printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
- if (ptr < 0)
- printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");
- if (ptr == 0)
- printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n");
- return 0;
- }
函数名: strnset
功 能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符
用 法: char *strnset(char *str, char ch, unsigned n);
举例:
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <string.h>
- int main(void)
- {
- char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
- char letter = 'x';
- printf("string before strnset: %s\n", string);
- strnset(string, letter, 13);
- printf("string after strnset: %s\n", string);
- return 0;
- }
函数名: strpbrk
功 能: 在串中查找给定字符集中的字符
用 法: char *strpbrk(char *str1, char *str2);
举例:
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <string.h>
- int main(void)
- {
- char *string1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
- char *string2 = "onm";
- char *ptr;
- ptr = strpbrk(string1, string2);
- if (ptr)
- printf("strpbrk found first character: %c\n", *ptr);
- else
- printf("strpbrk didn't find character in set\n");
- return 0;
- }
函数名: strrev
功 能: 串倒转
用 法: char *strrev(char *str);
举例:
- #include <string.h>
- #include <stdio.h>
- int main(void)
- {
- char *forward = "string";
- printf("Before strrev(): %s\n", forward);
- strrev(forward);
- printf("After strrev(): %s\n", forward);
- return 0;
- }
- /*运行结果:
- Before strrev(): string
- After strrev(): gnirts
- */
函数名: strstr
功 能: 在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出现
用 法: char *strstr(char *str1, char *str2);
举例:
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <string.h>
- int main(void)
- {
- char *str1 = "Borland International", *str2 = "nation", *ptr;
- ptr = strstr(str1, str2);
- printf("The substring is: %s\n", ptr);
- return 0;
- }
函数名: strtod
功 能: 将字符串转换为double型值
用 法: double strtod(char *str, char **endptr);
举例:
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- int main(void)
- {
- char input[80], *endptr;
- double value;
- printf("Enter a floating point number:");
- gets(input);
- value = strtod(input, &endptr);
- printf("The string is %s the number is %lf\n", input, value);
- return 0;
- }
函数名: strtol
功 能: 将串转换为长整数
用 法: long strtol(char *str, char **endptr, int base);
举例:
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <stdio.h>
- int main(void)
- {
- char *string = "87654321", *endptr;
- long lnumber;
- /* strtol converts string to long integer */
- lnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10);
- printf("string = %s long = %ld\n", string, lnumber);
- return 0;
- }
函数名: strupr
功 能: 将串中的小写字母转换为大写字母
用 法: char *strupr(char *str);
举例:
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <string.h>
- int main(void)
- {
- char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", *ptr;
- /* converts string to upper case characters */
- ptr = strupr(string);
- printf("%s\n", ptr);
- return 0;
- }