Oracle Audit 审计

审计 Audit

作用：监视和记录指定的数据库活动，包括权限

鉴权函数：password_verify_function，必须在sys用户下创建

                  语法：ALTER PROFILE student LIMIT password_verify_function my_password_verify;

保存鉴权记录的设置：

                  保存方式：数据库或者操作系统文件

                  语法： ALTER SYSTEM SET audit_trail=DB SCOPE=SPFILE; 缺省none，执行语句后需bounce实例才能生效

                  结果保存： SYS.AUD$ 需要定期清理，

                             DBA_AUDIT_TRAIL，USER_AUDIT_TRAIL 审计类型

enable方式：AUDIT table [BY juanita] [WHENEVER NOT SUCCESSFUL];

                      包括：CREATE, DROP, or TRUNCATE

                      AUDIT INSERT TABLE BY juanita BY ACCESS;

                      AUDIT create any table;

                      AUDIT select ON hr.employee_salary BY ACCESS WHENEVER SUCCESSFUL;

disable方式：

             NOAUDIT session;

             NOAUDIT not exists;

             NOAUDIT table [BY juanita];不必包含 WHENEVER NOT SUCCESSFUL

             NOAUDIT select ON hr.employee_salary WHENEVER NOT SUCCESSFUL;

选项：

DATABASE LINK, SEQUENCE, LOCK TABLE, INDEX, PROFILE, ROLE, SYNONYM, SESSION,SYSTEM AUDIT, TRIGGER,            SYSTEM GRANT 

数据字典：

   SYS.AUD$ 审计结果详情，需要定期清理，

              DBA_AUDIT_TRAIL，USER_AUDIT_TRAIL 审计结果简要

              DBA_STMT_AUDIT_OPTS 已经开启的审计

OWNER OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TY INS SEL

------------ ------------------------- --------- --- ---

HR EMPLOYEE_SALARY TABLE -/- A/S

A：ACCESS

S：SESSION

/：前面的字符代表成功之后的操作，后面的代表失败后的操作

细粒度审计Fine-grained auditing (FGA)

作用：允许细粒度审计，列，数据内容

规则制定：DBMS_FGA.ADD_POLICY(object_schema => ’HR’,

                           object_name => ’EMPLOYEES’,

                           policy_name => ’COMPENSATION_AUD’,

                           audit_column => ’SALARY,

                           COMMISSION_PCT’,

                           enable => FALSE,

                           statement_types => ’SELECT’);

规则启用：DBMS_FGA.ENABLE_POLICY(object_schema => 'HR',

                              object_name   => 'EMPLOYEES',

                              policy_name   => 'COMPENSATION_AUD');

规则停用：DBMS_FGA.DISABLE_POLICY(object_schema => 'HR',

                               object_name   => 'EMPLOYEES',

                               policy_name   => 'COMPENSATION_AUD');

数据字典：DBA_AUDIT_POLICIES  规则定义

                  DBA_FGA_AUDIT_TRAIL 审计详情