《python本质参考 第4版》笔记 §11 测试、调试、..

§11 测试、调试、评测和调优

§11.1 文档字符串

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- coding: gbk -*-

import sys

#设定字符编码为GBK

reload(sys)

sys.setdefaultencoding('gbk')

def split(line, types=None, delimiter=None):

    """Splits a line of text and optionally performs type conversion.

    For example:

    >>> split('GOOG 100 490.50')

    ['GOOG', '100', '490.50']

    >>> split('GOOG 100 490.50',[str, int, float])

    ['GOOG', 100, 490.5]

    >>>

    By default, splitting is performed on whitespace, but a different

    delimiter can be selected with the delimiter keyword argument:

    >>> split('GOOG,100,490.50',delimiter=',')

    ['GOOG', '100', '490.50']

    >>>

    """

    fields = line.split(delimiter)

    if types:

        fields = [ ty(val) for ty,val in zip(types,fields) ]

    return fields

if __name__=='__main__':

    # test myself

    import doctest

doctest.testmod(verbose=True)

   作为模块的使用：

# testsplitter.py

import splitter

import doctest

nfail, ntests = doctest.testmod(splitter)

运行结果：

Trying:

    split('GOOG 100 490.50')

Expecting:

    ['GOOG', '100', '490.50']

ok

Trying:

    split('GOOG 100 490.50',[str, int, float])

Expecting:

    ['GOOG', 100, 490.5]

ok

Trying:

    split('GOOG,100,490.50',delimiter=',')

Expecting:

    ['GOOG', '100', '490.50']

ok

1 items had no tests:

    splitter

1 items passed all tests:

   3 tests in splitter.split

3 tests in 2 items.

3 passed and 0 failed.

Test passed.

如果没有设置verbose=True，仅仅在出错之后才会有输出。

Doctest 不适合做完整的测试，用户看到庞大的边界测试用例等会觉得厌烦。一般要使用unittest。

更多参考：http://docs.python.org/library/doctest.html