理解Javascript_04_从面向对象谈起

var userObject = {}; // equivalent to new Object()
userObject[“lastLoginTime”] = new Date();
alert(userObject[“lastLoginTime”]);

var userObject = { “lastLoginTime”: new Date() };
alert(userObject.lastLoginTime);

function func(x) {
    alert(x);
}
func(“blah”);

var func = function(x) {
    alert(x);
};
func(“blah2”);

var func = new Function(“x”, “alert(x);”);
func(“blah3”);

function sayHi(x) {
    alert(“Hi, “ + x + “!”);
}
sayHi.text = “Hello World!”;
sayHi[“text2”] = “Hello World... again.”;

alert(sayHi[“text”]); // displays “Hello World!”
alert(sayHi.text2); // displays “Hello World... again.”

// assign an anonymous function to a variable
var greet = function(x) {
    alert(“Hello, “ + x);
};
greet(“MSDN readers”);

// passing a function as an argument to another
function square(x) {
    return x * x;
}
function operateOn(num, func) {
    return func(num);
}
// displays 256
alert(operateOn(16, square));

// functions as return values
function makeIncrementer() {
    return function(x) { return x + 1; };
}
var inc = makeIncrementer();
// displays 8
alert(inc(7));

// functions stored as array elements
var arr = [];
arr[0] = function(x) { return x * x; };
arr[1] = arr[0](2);
arr[2] = arr[0](arr[1]);
arr[3] = arr[0](arr[2]);
// displays 256
alert(arr[3]);

// functions as object properties
var obj = { “toString” : function() { return “This is an object.”; } };
// calls obj.toString()
alert(obj);

var myDog = {
    “name” : “Spot”,
    “bark” : function() { alert(“Woof!”); },
    “displayFullName” : function() {
        alert(this.name + “ The Alpha Dog”);
    },
    “chaseMrPostman” : function() { 
        // implementation beyond the scope of this article 
    }    
};
myDog.displayFullName(); 
myDog.bark(); // Woof!

function displayQuote() {
    // the value of “this” will change; depends on 
    // which object it is called through
    alert(this.memorableQuote);    
}

var williamShakespeare = {
    “memorableQuote”: “It is a wise father that knows his own child.”, 
    “sayIt” : displayQuote
};

var markTwain = {
    “memorableQuote”: “Golf is a good walk spoiled.”, 
    “sayIt” : displayQuote
};

var oscarWilde = {
    “memorableQuote”: “True friends stab you in the front.” 
    // we can call the function displayQuote
    // as a method of oscarWilde without assigning it 
    // as oscarWilde’s method. 
    //”sayIt” : displayQuote
};

williamShakespeare.sayIt(); // true, true
markTwain.sayIt(); // he didn’t know where to play golf

// watch this, each function has a method call()
// that allows the function to be called as a 
// method of the object passed to call() as an
// argument. 
// this line below is equivalent to assigning
// displayQuote to sayIt, and calling oscarWilde.sayIt().
displayQuote.call(oscarWilde); // ouch!

alert(“NaN is NaN: “ + isNaN(NaN));

function x() {
    this.isNaN = function() { 
        return “not anymore!”;
    };
}
// alert!!! trampling the Global object!!!
x();

alert(“NaN is NaN: “ + isNaN(NaN));

Dog spot = new Dog();

function DogConstructor(name) {
    this.name = name;
    this.respondTo = function(name) {
        if(this.name == name) {
            alert(“Woof”);        
        }
    };
}

var spot = new DogConstructor(“Spot”);
spot.respondTo(“Rover”); // nope
spot.respondTo(“Spot”); // yeah

var spot = new DogConstructor(“Spot”);

// create an empty object
var spot = {}; 
// call the function as a method of the empty object
DogConstructor.call(spot, “Spot”);

// Think of this as class Dog
function Dog(name) {
    // instance variable 
    this.name = name;
    // instance method? Hmmm...
    this.respondTo = function(name) {
        if(this.name == name) {
            alert(“Woof”);        
        }
    };
}

var spot = new Dog(“Spot”);

function respondTo() {
    // respondTo definition
}

function Dog(name) {
    this.name = name;
    // attached this function as a method of the object
    this.respondTo = respondTo;
}

var buddy = new Dog(“Buddy“);

Dog.prototype = new Object();

• 继承原型对象的对象上可以立即呈现对原型所做的更改，即使是在创建这些对象之后。
• 如果在对象中定义了属性/方法 X，则该对象的原型中将隐藏同名的属性/方法。例如，通过在 Dog.prototype 中定义 toString 方法，可以改写 Object.prototype 的 toString 方法。
• 更改只沿一个方向传递，即从原型到它的派生对象，但不能沿相反方向传递。

function GreatDane() { }

var rover = new GreatDane();
var spot = new GreatDane();

GreatDane.prototype.getBreed = function() {
    return “Great Dane”;
};

// Works, even though at this point
// rover and spot are already created.
alert(rover.getBreed());

// this hides getBreed() in GreatDane.prototype
spot.getBreed = function() {
    return “Little Great Dane”;
};
alert(spot.getBreed()); 

// but of course, the change to getBreed 
// doesn’t propagate back to GreatDane.prototype
// and other objects inheriting from it,
// it only happens in the spot object
alert(rover.getBreed());

function DateTime() { }

    // set static method now()
    DateTime.now = function() {
        return new Date();
    };

    alert(DateTime.now());

function filter(pred, arr) {
    var len = arr.length;
    var filtered = []; // shorter version of new Array();
    // iterate through every element in the array...
    for(var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        var val = arr[i];
        // if the element satisfies the predicate let it through
        if(pred(val)) {
            filtered.push(val);
        }
    }
    return filtered;
}

var someRandomNumbers = [12, 32, 1, 3, 2, 2, 234, 236, 632,7, 8];
var numbersGreaterThan100 = filter(
    function(x) { return (x > 100) ? true : false; }, 
    someRandomNumbers);

// displays 234, 236, 632
alert(numbersGreaterThan100)

var greaterThan300 = filter(
    function(x) { return (x > 300) ? true : false; }, 
    someRandomNumbers)

function makeGreaterThanPredicate(lowerBound) {
    return function(numberToCheck) {
        return (numberToCheck > lowerBound) ? true : false;
    };
}

var greaterThan10 = makeGreaterThanPredicate(10);
var greaterThan100 = makeGreaterThanPredicate(100);
alert(filter(greaterThan10, someRandomNumbers));
alert(filter(greaterThan100, someRandomNumbers));

function Person(name, age) {
    this.getName = function() { return name; };
    this.setName = function(newName) { name = newName; };
    this.getAge = function() { return age; };
    this.setAge = function(newAge) { age = newAge; };
}

var ray = new Person(“Ray”, 31);
alert(ray.getName());
alert(ray.getAge());
ray.setName(“Younger Ray”);
// Instant rejuvenation!
ray.setAge(22);
alert(ray.getName() + “ is now “ + ray.getAge() + 
      “ years old.”);

function Person(name, age) {
    var occupation;
    this.getOccupation = function() { return occupation; };
    this.setOccupation = function(newOcc) { occupation = 
                         newOcc; };
  
    // accessors for name and age    
}

Person.prototype.somePublicMethod = function() {
    // doesn’t work!
    // alert(this.name);
    // this one below works
    alert(this.getName());
};

// class Pet
function Pet(name) {
    this.getName = function() { return name; };
    this.setName = function(newName) { name = newName; };
}

Pet.prototype.toString = function() {
    return “This pet’s name is: “ + this.getName();
};
// end of class Pet

var parrotty = new Pet(“Parrotty the Parrot”);
alert(parrotty);

var MSDNMagNS = {};

MSDNMagNS.Pet = function(name) { // code here };
MSDNMagNS.Pet.prototype.toString = function() { // code };

var pet = new MSDNMagNS.Pet(“Yammer”);

var MSDNMagNS = {};
// nested namespace “Examples”
MSDNMagNS.Examples = {}; 

MSDNMagNS.Examples.Pet = function(name) { // code };
MSDNMagNS.Examples.Pet.prototype.toString = function() { // code };

var pet = new MSDNMagNS.Examples.Pet(“Yammer”);

// MSDNMagNS.Examples and Pet definition...

// think “using Eg = MSDNMagNS.Examples;” 
var Eg = MSDNMagNS.Examples;
var pet = new Eg.Pet(“Yammer”);
alert(pet);

http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/magazine/cc163419.aspx