.net 配置文件读取方法(app.config&web.config)

先来看下配置文件的内容：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
  <configSections>
    <section name="company-config" type="FlySky.Blog.Configuration.ConfigurtionHandler.CompanyConfigHandler,FlySky.Blog.Configuration"/>
    <section name="company-section" type="FlySky.Blog.Configuration.ConfigurationSection.CompanyInfo,FlySky.Blog.Configuration"/>
  </configSections>
  <company-config>
    <dept name="dept1" count="10">
      <members>
        <member name="flysky1" age="27"></member>
        <member name="flysky2" age="27"></member>
      </members>
    </dept>
    <dept name="dept2" count="20"></dept>
  </company-config>
  <company-section name="飞航科技">
    <depts>
      <add name="技术部"></add>
      <add name="人事部"></add>
    </depts>
  </company-section>
  <appSettings>
    <add key="test1" value="test1" />
    <add key="test2" value="test2" />
  </appSettings>
  <connectionStrings>
    <add name="db1"  connectionString="database=flysky;uid=sa;pwd=flysky;server=."/>
    <add name="db2"  connectionString="database=flysky;uid=sa;pwd=flysky;server=."/>
  </connectionStrings>
</configuration>

一、系统预置配置的读取

其中图中1为系统预置的配置地方读取方法如下比较简单：

1、首先引入：using System.Configuration;

2、

string test1 = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["test1"];
string test2 = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["test2"];
string db1 = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["db1"].ConnectionString;
string db2 = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["db2"].ConnectionString;

二、自定义配置的读取

自定义读取有2种方法。第一种通过实现IConfigurationSectionHandler接口来实现 ，第二种通过继承ConfigurationSection来实现

先来看第一种：

首先要添加<section name="company-config" type="FlySky.Blog.Configuration.ConfigurtionHandler.CompanyConfigHandler,FlySky.Blog.Configuration"/> 这个配置

CompanyConfigHandler的实现代码如下：

public class CompanyConfigHandler:IConfigurationSectionHandler
    {
        public object Create(object parent, object configContext, System.Xml.XmlNode section)
        {
            Company company = new Company();
            var nodeList = section.ChildNodes;
            List<Dept> depts = new List<Dept>();
            foreach (XmlNode node in nodeList)
            {
                Dept dept = new Dept();
                dept.Name = node.Attributes["name"].Value;
                dept.Count = int.Parse(node.Attributes["count"].Value);
                List<Member> members = new List<Member>();
                foreach (XmlNode parentEx in node.ChildNodes)
                {
                    foreach (XmlNode child in parentEx.ChildNodes)
                    {
                        Member member = new Member();
                        member.Name = child.Attributes["name"].Value;
                        member.Age = int.Parse(child.Attributes["age"].Value);
                        members.Add(member);
                    }
                }
                dept.Members = members;
                depts.Add(dept);
            }
            company.Depts = depts;
            return company;
        }
    }

其中用到几个辅助的对象用来对应配置的内容代码如下：

public class Company
    {
        public IList<Dept> Depts { get; set; }
        public static Company GetCompany()
        {
            return System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.GetSection("company-config") as Company;
        }
    }
    public class Dept
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public int Count { get; set; }
        public IList<Member> Members { get; set; }

    }

    public class Member
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public int Age { get; set; }
    }

获取配置信息调用：GetCompany方法即可返回一个Company 类型的数据对象。

第二种通过继承ConfigurationSection来实现，还需要自定义的对象继承ConfigurationElementCollection与ConfigurationElement来完成

代码如下：

 public class CompanyInfo : System.Configuration.ConfigurationSection
    {

        public static CompanyInfo GetCompanyInfo()
        {
            return (CompanyInfo)System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.GetSection("company-section");
        }

        [ConfigurationProperty("name", IsRequired = false)]
        public string Name
        {
            get
            {
                return this["name"].ToString();
            }
        }

        [ConfigurationProperty("depts")]
        public DeptCollection Depts
        {
            get
            {
                return this["depts"] as DeptCollection;
            }
        }
    }
    public class DeptCollection : ConfigurationElementCollection
    {
        protected override ConfigurationElement CreateNewElement()
        {
            return new DeptInfo();
        }

        protected override object GetElementKey(ConfigurationElement element)
        {
            return ((DeptInfo)element).Name;
        }
    }

    public class DeptInfo : ConfigurationElement
    {
        [ConfigurationProperty("name")]
        public string Name
        {
            get
            {
                return this["name"].ToString();
            }
        }
    }

由于比较简单代码不做解释。

本人推荐第二种方法实现IConfigurationSectionHandler接口来做，比较灵活，通过继承ConfigurationSection这个的方法比较简单但是

ConfigurationElementCollection里面的配置好像必须为<add />这样的配置有的时候不太友好。