.Net2.0下获取世界各时区信息及夏令时信息

时间：2010-08-27 来源：chenfery

在.Net 3.5下有一个TimeZoneInfo类,可以很方便的转换时区和进行时间转换.但是在.Net 2.0下,只能对当前服务器时区进行处理,十分不方便.特别系统是世界范围使用的,更需要考虑当地时区特别是夏令时的问题,不然时间就会错乱.如何解决这个问题,就要通过自己手动处理了.

其实Windows的时区信息都存放在Windows注册表的"SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Time Zones"下.只要读取相关信息出来.就能实现和TimeZoneInfo相同的功能.下边我们就通过一个小demo.读取世界时区信息,计算时区偏移量和夏令时偏移量.并根据用户选择的时区和输入时间,判断该时间是否属于该时区的夏令时范围.

首先,我们需要创建两个Struct来记录相关信息,一个是SytemTime,一个TimeZoneInformation.代码如下:

SystemTime Struct
    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    struct SYSTEMTIME
    {
        public ushort wYear;
        public ushort wMonth;
        public ushort wDayOfWeek;
        public ushort wDay;
        public ushort wHour;
        public ushort wMinute;
        public ushort wSecond;
        public ushort wMilliseconds;

        public void SetInfo(byte[] info)
        {
            if (info.Length != Marshal.SizeOf(this))
            {
                throw new ArgumentException("Information size is incorrect", "info");
            }
            else
            {
                this.wYear = BitConverter.ToUInt16(info, 0);
                this.wMonth = BitConverter.ToUInt16(info, 2);
                this.wDayOfWeek = BitConverter.ToUInt16(info, 4);
                this.wDay = BitConverter.ToUInt16(info, 6);
                this.wHour = BitConverter.ToUInt16(info, 8);
                this.wMinute = BitConverter.ToUInt16(info, 10);
                this.wSecond = BitConverter.ToUInt16(info, 12);
                this.wMilliseconds = BitConverter.ToUInt16(info, 14);
            }
        }

        public override bool Equals(object obj)
        {
            if (this.GetType() == obj.GetType())
            {
                try
                {
                    SYSTEMTIME objSt = (SYSTEMTIME)obj;
                    if (this.wYear != objSt.wYear
                        || this.wMonth != objSt.wMonth
                        || this.wDayOfWeek != objSt.wDayOfWeek
                        || this.wDay != objSt.wDay
                        || this.wHour != objSt.wHour
                        || this.wMinute != objSt.wMinute
                        || this.wSecond != objSt.wSecond
                        || this.wMilliseconds != objSt.wMilliseconds)
                        return false;
                    else
                        return true;
                }
                catch
                {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            else
                return false;
        }

        public override int GetHashCode()
        {
            return base.GetHashCode();
        }
    }

TimeZoneInformation Struct
    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
    struct TimeZoneInformation
    {
        public int bias;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 32)]
        public string standardName;
        public SYSTEMTIME standardDate;
        public int standardBias;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 32)]
        public string daylightName;
        public SYSTEMTIME daylightDate;
        public int daylightBias;

        public void SetBytes(byte[] info)
        {
            if (info.Length != 44)
                throw new ArgumentException("Information size is incorrect", "info");
            else
            {
                this.bias = BitConverter.ToInt32(info, 0);
                this.standardBias = BitConverter.ToInt32(info, 4);
                this.daylightBias = BitConverter.ToInt32(info, 8);
                byte[] helper = new byte[16];
                Array.Copy(info, 12, helper, 0, 16);
                this.standardDate.SetInfo(helper);
                Array.Copy(info, 28, helper, 0, 16);
                this.daylightDate.SetInfo(helper);
            }
        }

        public override bool Equals(object obj)
        {
            if (this.GetType() != obj.GetType())
            {
                try
                {
                    TimeZoneInformation objTzi = (TimeZoneInformation)obj;
                    if (this.bias != objTzi.bias
                        || this.daylightBias != objTzi.daylightBias
                        || this.daylightName != objTzi.daylightName
                        || this.standardBias != objTzi.standardBias
                        || this.standardName != objTzi.standardName
                        || !this.daylightDate.Equals(objTzi.daylightDate)
                        || !this.standardDate.Equals(objTzi.standardDate)
                        )
                        return false;
                    else
                        return true;
                }
                catch
                {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            else
                return false;
        }

        public override int GetHashCode()
        {
            return base.GetHashCode();
        }
    }

定义好相关Structs后,我们就可以读取注册表了.先定义几个读取注册表的方法:

RegistryKey Code
private static RegistryKey GetTimeZoneRegistryKey()
{
    RegistryKey key = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(@"SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Time Zones", false);
    if (key == null)
        throw new KeyNotFoundException(@"Cannot find the windows registry key (Time Zone).");
    else
        return key;
}

private static RegistryKey GetTimeZoneRegistrySubKey(string zoneId)
{
    RegistryKey key = GetTimeZoneRegistryKey();
    RegistryKey subKey = key.OpenSubKey(zoneId, false);
    if (subKey == null)
        throw new Exception("Unknown time zone.");
    else
        return subKey;
}

private static RegistryKey GetTimeZoneRegistryDynamicSubKey(TimeZoneInfo tzi)
{
    RegistryKey subKey = GetTimeZoneRegistrySubKey(tzi._id);
    return subKey.OpenSubKey("Dynamic DST", false);
}

下边我们开始读取注册表各个TimeZone信息

TimeZones Code
public static TimeZoneInfo[] GetTimeZones()
{
 List<TimeZoneInfo> tzInfos = new List<TimeZoneInfo>();
 RegistryKey key = GetTimeZoneRegistryKey();
 foreach (string zoneName in key.GetSubKeyNames())
 {
 TimeZoneInfo tzi = new TimeZoneInfo();
 tzi._id = zoneName;
 tzi.SetValues();
 tzInfos.Add(tzi);
 }
 TimeZoneInfo.Sort(tzInfos);
 return tzInfos.ToArray();
}

可以看到上述代码是循环读取注册表里面的信息,通过SetVales方法放到一个List:

SetValues
private void SetValues()
{
    RegistryKey subKey = GetTimeZoneRegistrySubKey(this._id);
    this._displayName = subKey.GetValue("Display").ToString();
    this._tzi.daylightName = subKey.GetValue("Dlt").ToString();
    this._tzi.standardName = subKey.GetValue("Std").ToString();
    this._tzi.SetBytes(subKey.GetValue("Tzi") as byte[]);
}

通过简单的读取信息填入TimeZoneInfo List,在页面级别我们就可以简单用下面的方法来显示给用户选择:

UI1
TimeZoneInfo[] TimeZones = TimeZoneInfo.GetTimeZones();
this.drpList.DataSource = TimeZones;
this.drpList.DataTextField = "DisplayName";
this.drpList.DataValueField = "Id";
this.drpList.DataBind();

当用选择了某一个时区,我们就可以根据用户选择的时区和输入的日期显示相关时区信息:

UI2
if (tzi.DisplayName == this.drpList.SelectedItem.Text)
{
 DateTime dtDate = DateTime.Parse(this.txtDate.Text.Trim());
 this.lblInfo.Text += string.Format(" 时区ID: {0} ", tzi.Id);
 this.lblInfo.Text += string.Format(" 显示名称: {0} ", tzi.DisplayName);
 this.lblInfo.Text += string.Format(" 标准名称: {0} ", tzi.StandardName);
 this.lblInfo.Text += string.Format(" 当前时间是否夏令时: {0} ", tzi.IsDaylightSavingTime(dtDate).ToString());
 this.lblInfo.Text += string.Format(" 夏令时名称: {0} ", tzi.DaylightName(dtDate));
 this.lblInfo.Text += string.Format(" 基本偏移量: {0} ", tzi.StandardUtcOffset.ToString());
 this.lblInfo.Text += string.Format(" 当前偏移量: {0} ", tzi.GetCurrentUtcOffset(dtDate).ToString());
 DaylightTime dt = tzi.GetDaylightChanges(dtDate.Year);
 this.lblInfo.Text += string.Format(" 夏令时开始时间: {0} ", dt.Start.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
 this.lblInfo.Text += string.Format(" 夏令时结束时间: {0} ", dt.End.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
 this.lblInfo.Text += string.Format(" 夏令时增量: {0} ", dt.Delta.ToString());
}

更详细的东西就不废话了.附上完整的Demo给大家看吧:

下载Demo点击这里