Linux下让Oracle服务自动启动与停止
时间：2010-08-23 来源：unixthisyear
Linux下让Oracle服务自动启动与停止 (2009-01-04 16:30:28)
默认地，如果在Windows下安装Oracle的话，会注册相应的服务，并随着操作系统启动而自动启动。但是，在Linux（环境是：RHEL5.2）下却需要进行一些配置才能实现这个功能。具体如下：
一、修改Oracle系统配置文件/etc/oratab
[root@RHEL ~]# gedit /etc/oratab
/etc/oratab 格式为： SID:ORACLE_HOME:AUTO，把AUTO域设置为Y(大写)。只有这样，oracle 自带的dbstart和dbshut才能够发挥作用。我的环境为：orcl:/usr/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1:Y
二、编写服务脚本
[root@RHEL ~]# gedit /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle
内容为：
#!/bin/bash
#
#################FUNCTION#############
#
# AutoStart Oracle and listener Using dbstart
# AutoStop Oracle and listener Using dbstop
#
#####################################
#
# Edited by LDY 2009-01-04
#
ORACLE_HOME=/usr/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
LOG=$ORACLE_HOME/oracle.log
case "$1" in
start)
echo "Starting Oracle Databases ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> $LOG 2>&1
date +" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Databasee as part of system up." >> $LOG 2>&1
su - oracle -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart" >> $LOG 2>&1
echo "Done."
date +" %T %a %D : Finished." >> $LOG 2>&1
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> $LOG 2>&1
touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle
;;
stop)
echo "Stopping Oracle Databases ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> $LOG 2>&1
date +" %T %a %D : Stopping Oracle Databases as part of system down." >> $LOG 2>&1
su - oracle -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut" >> $LOG 2>&1
echo "Done."
date +" %T %a %D : Finished." >> $LOG 2>&1
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> $LOG 2>&1
rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle
;;
restart)
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
*)
echo "Usage: oracle {start|stop|restart}"
exit 1
esac
保存后，需要修改一下权限：
[root@RHEL ~]# chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle
关于这部分服务的编写，可以参考/etc/rc.d/init.d下其他服务，比如iptables之类的。
三、建立服务连接
系统启动时启动数据库，我们需要以下连结∶
[root@RHEL ~]# ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/S99oracle
[root@RHEL ~]# ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S99oracle
[root@RHEL ~]# ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S99oracle #rc4.d unused
要在重新启动时停止数据库，我们需要以下连结∶
[root@RHEL ~]# ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K01oracle # stop
[root@RHEL ~]# ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc6.d/K01oracle # restart
四、修改dbstart和dbshut
尽管在服务脚本中，用到了dbstart和dbshut，但是还不知道里面有些什么。其实，还是需要简单地修改一下这两个文件，以便正确启动oracle 监听服务。
[oracle@RHEL ~]$ gedit $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart
可以在内容中找到：
# Set this to bring up Oracle Net Listener
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=/ade/vikrkuma_new/oracle
if [ ! $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER ] ; then
echo "ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-start Oracle Net Listener"
else
LOG=$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/listener.log
# Start Oracle Net Listener
if [ -f $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnr ] ; then
echo "$0: Starting Oracle Net Listener" >> $LOG 2>&1
$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/lsnrctl start >> $LOG 2>&1 &
export VER10LIST=`$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/lsnrctl version | grep "LSNRCTL for " | cut -d' ' -f5 | cut -d'.' -f1`
else
echo "Failed to auto-start Oracle Net Listene using $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnr"
fi
fi
这部分内容是启动Oracle监听服务，但是它指定的路径却是：/ade/vikrkuma_new/oracle。需要修改一下，变成我们自己的安装路径：
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=/usr/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
需要说明的是，如果监听(Listener)的名字不是标准的，那么还需要修改：$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/lsnrctl start 为$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/lsnrctl start [监听名]。
[oracle@RHEL ~]$ gedit $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut
找遍内容，却没有发现有关于停止监听服务的内容。为了于dbstart对应，在文件中添加如下内容（其中着色部分是添加的内容）：
.......................................................
# Save LD_LIBRARY_PATH
SAVE_LLP=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
# Added by ldy 2009-01-04
# Set this to stop Oracle Net Listener
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=/usr/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
if [ ! $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER ] ; then
echo "ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-stop Oracle Net Listener"
else
LOG=$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/listener.log
if [ -f $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnr ] ; then
echo "$0: Stopping Oracle Net Listener" >> $LOG 2>&1
$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/lsnrctl stop >> $LOG 2>&1 &
export VER10LIST=`$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/lsnrctl version | grep "LSNRCTL for " | cut -d' ' -f5 | cut -d'.' -f1`
echo "Failed to auto-stop Oracle Net Listene using $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnr"
fi
# End Added
# Set this in accordance with the platform
ORATAB=/etc/oratab
.......................................................
五、验证服务
最简单的办法，就是重启电脑，查看效果。重启之后：
[oracle@RHEL ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Jan 4 18:41:37 2009
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
SQL> select instance_name,status from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME STATUS
---------------- ------------
orcl OPEN
[oracle@RHEL ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 04-JAN-2009 18:42:25
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=RHEL.smnpc.com)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 04-JAN-2009 15:16:45
Uptime 0 days 3 hr. 25 min. 40 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /usr/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /usr/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=RHEL.smnpc.com)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
当然，也可以手动启动／关闭／重启服务：
[root@RHEL ~]# sercice oracle start
[root@RHEL ~]# sercice oracle stop
[root@RHEL ~]# sercice oracle restart
如果在oracle用户下，那么直接用dbstart或者dbshut就可以了。此外，如果想启动数据库服务时也启动管理器或者isqlplus，那么还需要修改一下dbstart和dbshut脚本，或者在服务脚本中进行编写。增加：emctl start dbconsole和isqlplusctl start。
一、修改Oracle系统配置文件/etc/oratab
[root@RHEL ~]# gedit /etc/oratab
/etc/oratab 格式为： SID:ORACLE_HOME:AUTO，把AUTO域设置为Y(大写)。只有这样，oracle 自带的dbstart和dbshut才能够发挥作用。我的环境为：orcl:/usr/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1:Y
二、编写服务脚本
[root@RHEL ~]# gedit /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle
内容为：
#!/bin/bash
#
#################FUNCTION#############
#
# AutoStart Oracle and listener Using dbstart
# AutoStop Oracle and listener Using dbstop
#
#####################################
#
# Edited by LDY 2009-01-04
#
ORACLE_HOME=/usr/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
LOG=$ORACLE_HOME/oracle.log
case "$1" in
start)
echo "Starting Oracle Databases ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> $LOG 2>&1
date +" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Databasee as part of system up." >> $LOG 2>&1
su - oracle -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart" >> $LOG 2>&1
echo "Done."
date +" %T %a %D : Finished." >> $LOG 2>&1
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> $LOG 2>&1
touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle
;;
stop)
echo "Stopping Oracle Databases ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> $LOG 2>&1
date +" %T %a %D : Stopping Oracle Databases as part of system down." >> $LOG 2>&1
su - oracle -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut" >> $LOG 2>&1
echo "Done."
date +" %T %a %D : Finished." >> $LOG 2>&1
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> $LOG 2>&1
rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle
;;
restart)
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
*)
echo "Usage: oracle {start|stop|restart}"
exit 1
esac
保存后，需要修改一下权限：
[root@RHEL ~]# chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle
关于这部分服务的编写，可以参考/etc/rc.d/init.d下其他服务，比如iptables之类的。
三、建立服务连接
系统启动时启动数据库，我们需要以下连结∶
[root@RHEL ~]# ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/S99oracle
[root@RHEL ~]# ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S99oracle
[root@RHEL ~]# ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S99oracle #rc4.d unused
要在重新启动时停止数据库，我们需要以下连结∶
[root@RHEL ~]# ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K01oracle # stop
[root@RHEL ~]# ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc6.d/K01oracle # restart
四、修改dbstart和dbshut
尽管在服务脚本中，用到了dbstart和dbshut，但是还不知道里面有些什么。其实，还是需要简单地修改一下这两个文件，以便正确启动oracle 监听服务。
[oracle@RHEL ~]$ gedit $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart
可以在内容中找到：
# Set this to bring up Oracle Net Listener
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=/ade/vikrkuma_new/oracle
if [ ! $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER ] ; then
echo "ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-start Oracle Net Listener"
else
LOG=$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/listener.log
# Start Oracle Net Listener
if [ -f $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnr ] ; then
echo "$0: Starting Oracle Net Listener" >> $LOG 2>&1
$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/lsnrctl start >> $LOG 2>&1 &
export VER10LIST=`$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/lsnrctl version | grep "LSNRCTL for " | cut -d' ' -f5 | cut -d'.' -f1`
else
echo "Failed to auto-start Oracle Net Listene using $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnr"
fi
fi
这部分内容是启动Oracle监听服务，但是它指定的路径却是：/ade/vikrkuma_new/oracle。需要修改一下，变成我们自己的安装路径：
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=/usr/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
需要说明的是，如果监听(Listener)的名字不是标准的，那么还需要修改：$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/lsnrctl start 为$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/lsnrctl start [监听名]。
[oracle@RHEL ~]$ gedit $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut
找遍内容，却没有发现有关于停止监听服务的内容。为了于dbstart对应，在文件中添加如下内容（其中着色部分是添加的内容）：
.......................................................
# Save LD_LIBRARY_PATH
SAVE_LLP=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
# Added by ldy 2009-01-04
# Set this to stop Oracle Net Listener
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=/usr/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
if [ ! $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER ] ; then
echo "ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-stop Oracle Net Listener"
else
LOG=$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/listener.log
if [ -f $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnr ] ; then
echo "$0: Stopping Oracle Net Listener" >> $LOG 2>&1
$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/lsnrctl stop >> $LOG 2>&1 &
export VER10LIST=`$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/lsnrctl version | grep "LSNRCTL for " | cut -d' ' -f5 | cut -d'.' -f1`
echo "Failed to auto-stop Oracle Net Listene using $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnr"
fi
# End Added
# Set this in accordance with the platform
ORATAB=/etc/oratab
.......................................................
五、验证服务
最简单的办法，就是重启电脑，查看效果。重启之后：
[oracle@RHEL ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Jan 4 18:41:37 2009
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
SQL> select instance_name,status from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME STATUS
---------------- ------------
orcl OPEN
[oracle@RHEL ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 04-JAN-2009 18:42:25
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=RHEL.smnpc.com)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 04-JAN-2009 15:16:45
Uptime 0 days 3 hr. 25 min. 40 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /usr/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /usr/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=RHEL.smnpc.com)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
当然，也可以手动启动／关闭／重启服务：
[root@RHEL ~]# sercice oracle start
[root@RHEL ~]# sercice oracle stop
[root@RHEL ~]# sercice oracle restart
如果在oracle用户下，那么直接用dbstart或者dbshut就可以了。此外，如果想启动数据库服务时也启动管理器或者isqlplus，那么还需要修改一下dbstart和dbshut脚本，或者在服务脚本中进行编写。增加：emctl start dbconsole和isqlplusctl start。
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