Python Code snippet:使用sqlcmd.exe 操作mssql server
时间：2010-08-24 来源：Haozes
居然没找到支持python3.1的mssql server provider库,不过这儿有段挺有暴力的代码,代码是2.x,稍微改了下,让它可以在3.1下跑.原理是调用sqlcmd.exe,使用它的输出.这段代码用做导数据之类的足矣.
如果安装了SQLServer (Express)自带了sqlcmd.exe.否则从这儿下载
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Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Command Line Utilities
Demo:
python3.1
## {{{ http://code.activestate.com/recipes/144183/ (r11)
#dblib.py
#created by Jorge Besada
#Last updated: 8/24/2010 - haozes
import os,sys
class Connection:
def __init__(self,sname,uname='',password='',db='', version=''):
self.version = version
self.servername = sname
self.username = uname
self.password = password
self.defdb = db
self.constr = ''
if db == '':
self.defdb = 'master'
self.connected = 0
if self.version == None or self.version == "":
print("Need to pass sql version argument")
return self
if self.version == "sql2000" or self.version == "sql7":
execsql = "osql"
if self.version == "sql2005" or self.version == "sql2008":
execsql = "sqlcmd"
if self.version == "sybase":
execsql = "isql"
print ("Sorry, Sybase has not been implemented yet!")
return self
if uname == '':
self.constr = + " -E -S " + self.servername + " -d " + self.defdb + " /w 8192 "
else:
self.constr = execsql + " -U " + self.username + " -P " + self.password + " -S " + self.servername + " -d " + self.defdb + " /w 8192 "
#test connection:
s = "set nocount on select name from master..syslogins where name = 'sa'"
lst = os.popen(self.constr + ' -Q' + '"' + s + '"').readlines()
try:
if lst[2].strip() == 'sa':
self.connected = 1
else:
self.connected = 0
c = Cursor()
c.servername = sname
c.username = uname
c.password = password
c.defdb = db
c.constr = self.constr
self.cursor = c
except IndexError:
print("Could not connect")
def commit(self):
"this is here for compatibility"
pass
def close(self):
self = None
return self
class Cursor:
def __init__(self):
self.defdb = ''
self.servername = ''
self.username = ''
self.password = ''
self.constr = ''
self.rowcount = -1
self.records = []
self.rowid = 0
self.sqlfile = "-Q"
self.colseparator = chr(1) #default column separator
#this is going to be a list of lists, each one with:
#name, type_code, display_size, internal_size, precision, scale, null_ok
self.description = []
self.fieldnames = []
self.fieldvalues = []
self.fieldvalue = []
#one dictionary by column
self.dictfield = {'name':'', 'type_code':0,'display_size':0,'internal_size':0,'precision':0, 'scale':0, 'null_ok':0}
#list of lists
self.dictfields = []
#this is for compatibility to allow both types of calls:
#cursor = connection.cursor() or using cursor = connection.cursor
def __call__(self):
c = Cursor()
return c
def execute(self, s):
self.records = []
lst = os.popen(self.constr + ' -s' + self.colseparator + " " + self.sqlfile + '"' + s + '"').readlines()
if len(lst) == 0:
return self.rowcount
#If we get here we have results
#rowcount maybe in last line, in this form: (4 rows affected)
tmplastline = lst[-1]
if tmplastline[0] == "(": #there is a rowcount
lastline = lst[-1]
spacepos = lastline.index(" ")
cnt = lastline[1:spacepos]
self.rowcount = int(cnt)
else:
#last line has no recordcount, so reset it to 0
self.records = lst[:]
self.rowcount = 0
return self.rowcount
#if we got here we may have a rowcount and the list with results
i = 0
#process metadata if we have it:
firstline = lst[0]
lst1 = lst[0].split(self.colseparator)
self.fieldnames = []
for x in lst1:
x1 = x.strip()
self.fieldnames.append(x1) #add column name
#need to make a list for each column name
self.description = []
for x in self.fieldnames:
l = []
l.append(x)
for m in range(len(self.dictfield) - 1):
l.append(0)
l2 = tuple(l)
self.description.append(l2)
self.description = tuple(self.description)
#Data section: lst[0] is row with column names,skip
#If the resulting string starts and ends with '-', discard
for x in lst[1:-1]:
x0 = ''.join(x)
x1 = x0.strip()
#if x1 > '' and x1[0] > '-' and x1[-1] > '-':
if x1 != '' and x1[0] != '-' and x1[-1] != '-':
self.records.append(x1)
#reset for each execution
self.rowid = 0
return self.rowcount
#returns one row of the result set, keeps track of the position
def fetchone(self):
i = self.rowid
j = i + 1
self.rowid = j
try:
return tuple(self.records[i].split(self.colseparator))
except IndexError:
pass
#returns whole recordset
def fetchall(self):
lst = []
try:
for x in range(self.rowid, self.rowcount):
x1 = tuple(self.records[x].split(self.colseparator))
lst.append(x1)
except IndexError:
pass
return lst
def close(self):
self.records = None
self = None
return self
#-----------------------------------------
#Testing harness: we create and drop logins and databases
#Edit connection for desired server name and security options:
#Sample: for local server default instance SQL2000, integrated security
# c = Connection('(local)',db='pubs', version='sql2000')
#For local server, SQL security
# c = Connection('(local)','sa','sa password',db='pubs', version='sql2000')
#These tests use a restored pubs database
#in a SQL2008 instance (local)\sql2008
if __name__ == '__main__':
#c = Connection('192.168.79.8',uname='sa',db='cy2009',password='ifly',version='sql2005')
c = Connection('(local)\sql2008',db='pubs', version='sql2008')
print("Connection string: " + c.constr)
if c.connected == 1:
print ("Connected OK")
cu = c.cursor
lst = cu.execute('select * from grade')
print('rowcount=' + str(cu.rowcount))
rows = cu.fetchall()
for x in rows:
print(x)
c.close()
#Several SQL statements test
lst = cu.execute("sp_addlogin 'test2', 'test2'")
print('rowcount=' + str(cu.rowcount))
lst = cu.execute("select name from master..syslogins where name = 'test2'")
print('rowcount=' + str(cu.rowcount))
rows = cu.fetchall()
for x in rows:
print(x)
c.close()
lst = cu.execute("EXEC sp_droplogin 'test2'")
print('rowcount=' + str(cu.rowcount))
lst = cu.execute("select name from master..syslogins where name = 'test2'")
print('rowcount=' + str(cu.rowcount))
rows = cu.fetchall()
for x in rows:
print(x)
c.close()
lst = cu.execute("CREATE DATABASE test")
print('rowcount=' + str(cu.rowcount))
lst = cu.execute("select name from master..sysdatabases where name = 'test'")
print('rowcount=' + str(cu.rowcount))
rows = cu.fetchall()
for x in rows:
print(x)
c.close()
lst = cu.execute("DROP DATABASE test")
print('rowcount=' + str(cu.rowcount))
lst = cu.execute("select name from master..sysdatabases where name = 'test'")
print('rowcount=' + str(cu.rowcount))
rows = cu.fetchall()
for x in rows:
print(x)
c.close()
lst = cu.execute("update authors set au_lname = 'Whitty' where au_id = '172-32-1176'")
print('rowcount=' + str(cu.rowcount))
lst = cu.execute("select au_lname from authors where au_id = '172-32-1176'")
print('rowcount=' + str(cu.rowcount))
rows = cu.fetchall()
for x in rows:
print(x)
c.close()
## end of http://code.activestate.com/recipes/144183/ }}}
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