课程设计——perl版的小型成绩管理系统

#BY Weigun blog：http://blog.chinaunix.net/u2/70443/

use strict;
use Data::Dumper;
$|=1;
my $stu={}; #哈希表，存放学生信息

while(1)        #主循环

{
    my $choose=&main;
    redo if $choose!~/^\d$/;
    $stu=&add($stu) if $choose ==1;
    $stu=&modify($stu) if $choose ==2;
    $stu=&delete($stu) if $choose ==3;
    &search($stu) if $choose ==4;
    &statistics($stu) if $choose==5;
    &grade_sort($stu) if $choose==6;
    exit if $choose==7;
    print Dumper $stu;
}#主循环结束

sub main
{
    system("cls");
    print <<eof;
                                                         学生成绩管理系统
    1.录入学生成绩信息
    2.修改学生成绩信息
    3.删除学生成绩信息
    4.查询学生成绩信息
    5.成绩统计
    6.成绩排名
    7.退出
eof
print '请选择:';
chomp(my $choose=<STDIN>);
return $choose;
}

sub add
{
    my $stu=shift;
    my ($id,$name,$sex,$age,@grades);
    my $counter=1;
    system("cls");
    print "\t\t\t录入学生成绩信息\n";
    while(1)
    {
        print "新增第$counter个学生\n";
        $id=&get_id($stu,1);#最后区别增加和修改

        $name=&get_name($stu,$id);#无返回值

        $sex=&get_sex($stu,$id);#无返回值

        $age=&get_age($stu,$id);#无返回值

        @grades=&get_grade($stu,$id);#无返回值

        ++$counter; #学生计数器

        #判断是否继续

        return $stu unless &is_continue;
    }#while

    return $stu;
}
sub get_id                        #1:add new 0 for search

{
    my $id;
    my $stu=shift;
    my $is_add_new=shift;
    {                                                            #id

        print '请输入学生学号：';
        chomp($id=<STDIN>);
#            unless ($id=~/\d{10}/)

#            {

#                print "请输入正确的学号\n";

#                redo;

#            }

        redo unless &check_id($id);
        #print '$id=',$id,"\n";

        if($is_add_new and exists $stu->{$id})
        {
            print "该学号的学生已存在.\n";
            redo;
        }
        $stu->{$id}={} if $is_add_new;
    }#id

    return $id;
}

sub get_name
{
    my $name;
    my ($stu,$id)=@_;
    {                                                            #name

            print '请输入姓名：';
            chomp($name=<STDIN>);
            if($name!~/^.{1,10}$/)
            {
                print "请输入少于10个字符的名字.\n";
                redo;
            }
    }#name

    $stu->{$id}->{name}=$name;
    return $name;
}

sub get_sex
{
    my $sex;
    my ($stu,$id)=@_;
    {                                                            #sex

        print '请输入性别：';
        chomp($sex=<STDIN>);
        if($sex=~/^[fFMm]$/)
        {
            $sex=~/^[Ff]$/?($sex='女'):($sex='男');
        }
        else
        {
            print "请输入正确的性别（F/M）。\n";
            redo;
        }
        #print $sex,"\n";

        $stu->{$id}->{sex}=$sex;
    }#sex

    return $sex;
}

sub get_age
{
    my $age;
    my ($stu,$id)=@_;
    {                                                            #age

        print '请输入年龄：';
        chomp($age=<STDIN>);
        unless ($age=~/^\d{1,2}$/ and $age!=0)
        {
            print "请输入正确的年龄（1-99）\n";
            redo;
        }
    }#age

    $stu->{$id}->{age}=$age;
    return $age;
}

sub is_continue
{
    {                                                            #继续?

        print "是否要继续增加(Y/N):";    
        chomp(my $flag=<STDIN>);
        $flag=~/^[Yy]$/?(return 1):($flag=~/^[Nn]$/?(return 0):redo);
    }
    #######################

}

sub get_grade
{
    #my ($sjk,$xmgl,$sjjg);

    my ($stu,$id)=@_;
    my $hash={sjk => '数据库',
                        xmgl => '项目管理',
                        sjjg => '数据结构'
                        };
    my $total;
    while(my ($key,$valuse)=each %$hash)
    {
        print $valuse,'成绩：';
        chomp(my $grade=<STDIN>);
        redo unless &is_grade_right($grade);
        $stu->{$id}->{$key}=$grade;
        $total+=$grade;
    }
    $stu->{$id}->{average}=sprintf("%.1f",$total/3);
    #return ($sjk,$xmgl,$sjjg);

}

sub is_grade_right
{
    my $grade=shift;    
    unless($grade=~/^\b(?:100|[1-9]?\d)\b$/)
    #简单正则：/\b(?:100|[1-9]?\d)\b/

    #花哨：/\b1??(?(?<=1)0|[1-9])?(?(?<=10)0|\d)\b/

    {
        print "成绩范围为0-100.\n";
        return 0;
    }
    else
    {
        return 1;
    }
}

sub modify
{
    my $stu=shift;
    my $choose=&modify_main;    
    &modify_by_id($stu) if $choose==1;
    &modify_by_name($stu) if $choose==2;
    return $stu if $choose==3;
    return $stu;
}

sub modify_main
{
    my $choose;
    while(1)
    {        
        system("cls");
        print <<eof;
                                                             修改学生信息
        1.按学号修改
        2.按姓名修改
        3.返回主菜单
eof
        print '请选择:';
        chomp($choose=<STDIN>);
        redo if $choose!~/^[1-3]$/;
        last;
    }
    return $choose;
}

sub modify_by_id
{
    my $stu=shift;
    my $id;
    while(1)
    {#check id

        system("cls");
        print "\t\t\t修改学生信息\n";
        print "请输入学号：";
        chomp($id=<STDIN>);
        return $stu if $id==0;
        redo unless &check_id($id) and &is_exist_id($stu,$id);        
        &show_stu_info($stu,$id);
        &get_name($stu,$id);#无返回值

        &get_sex($stu,$id);#无返回值

        &get_age($stu,$id);#无返回值

        &get_grade($stu,$id);#无返回值

        print "信息已修改成功，1秒后返回.\n";
        sleep 1;
        last;
    }
}

sub modify_by_name
{
}
sub delete
{
    my $stu=shift;
    my $id;
    system("cls");
    print "\t\t\t删除学生信息\n";
    while(1)
    {        
        print "请输入要删除的学号：";
        chomp($id=<STDIN>);
        return $stu if $id eq '0';
        redo unless &check_id($id) and &is_exist_id($stu,$id);
        last;
    }
    &show_stu_info($stu,$id);
    while(1)
    {
        print "确定要删除吗？(Y/N)";
        chomp(my $flag=<STDIN>);
        #$flag=~/^[Yy]$/?(return 1):($flag=~/^[Nn]$/?(return 0):redo);

        if($flag=~/^[Yy]$/)
        {
            delete $stu->{$id};
            last;
        }
        elsif($flag=~/^[Nn]$/)
        {
            return $stu;
        }
        else
        {
            redo;
        }
    }
    print "信息已删除，1秒后返回.\n";
    sleep 1;
    return $stu;
}

sub search
{
    my $stu=shift;
    system("cls");
    my $choose=&search_main;
    &search_by_id($stu) if $choose==1;
    &search_by_name($stu) if $choose==2;
    return if $choose==3;
}

sub search_main
{
    print "t\t\t\查询学生信息\n";
    while(1)
    {
        print "1.按学号查询\n";
        print "2.按姓名查询\n";
        print "3.返回主菜单\n";
        print "请选择：";
        chomp(my $choose=<STDIN>);
        redo if $choose!~/^[1-3]$/;
        return $choose;
    }
}

sub search_by_id
{
    my $stu=shift;
    my $id;
    while(1)
    {    
        print "请输入要查询的学号：";
        chomp($id=<STDIN>);
        return 0 if $id eq '0';
        redo unless &check_id($id) and &is_exist_id($stu,$id);
        last;
    }
    &show_stu_info($stu,$id);
    print "按回车键返回主菜单\n";
    <STDIN>;
    return $id;
}

sub search_by_name
{
    my $stu=shift;
    my $name;
    {
        print "请输入要查询的名字：";
        chomp($name=<STDIN>);
        if($name!~/^.{1,10}$/)
                {
                    print "请输入少于10个字符的名字.\n";
                    redo;
                }
    }
    my $flag=0;
    for my $id(keys %$stu)
    {
        if($name eq $stu->{$id}->{name})
        {
            &show_stu_info($stu,$id);
            #print "id=$id\n";

            $flag=1;
        }
    }
    print "找不到姓名为$name的学生\n" unless $flag;
    print "按回车键返回主菜单\n";
    <STDIN>;
    return $name;
}

sub statistics
{
    my $stu=shift;
    my $flag=0;
    print "\t\t\t不合格统计\n";
    print '共有学生',&get_stu_number($stu),"人\n";
    print '男生有',&get_man_number($stu),"人,女生有",&get_girl_number($stu),"人\n";
    print "平均分不合格的学生如下：\n";
    for my $id(sort keys %$stu)
    {
        &show_stu_info($stu,$id) if $stu->{$id}->{average} < 60;
        $flag=1;
    }
    print "没有不合格的学生\n" unless $flag;
    print "按回车键返回主菜单\n";
    <STDIN>;
}
sub get_stu_number
{
    my $stu=shift;
    return scalar(keys %$stu);
}

sub get_man_number
{
    my $stu=shift;
    my $counter=0;
    for my $id(keys %$stu)
    {
        ++$counter if $stu->{$id}->{sex} eq '男';
    }
    return $counter;
}

sub get_girl_number
{
    my $stu=shift;
    my $counter=0;
    for my $id(keys %$stu)
    {
        ++$counter if $stu->{$id}->{sex} eq '女';
    }
    return $counter;
}

sub grade_sort
{
    my $stu=shift;
    system "cls";
    print "\t\t\t成绩排序\n";
    print "平均分由高到低排列如下：\n";
    my @sorted_id=sort {$stu->{$b}->{average} <=> $stu->{$a}->{average} or $a cmp $b} keys %$stu;
    &show_stu_info($stu,$_) foreach @sorted_id;
    print "按回车键返回主菜单\n";
    <STDIN>;
}
##############################################

###########公用函数############

sub check_id
{
    my $id=shift;
    #print "id=$id\n";

    return 1 if $id eq '0';
#    unless ($id=~/^\d{10}$/)

#    {

#        print "请输入正确的学号\n";

#        return 0;

#    }

    return 1;
}

sub show_stu_info
{
    my ($stu,$id)=@_;
    print "学号为$id的学生信息如下：\n";
    print <<INFO;
    #####################################################################

    学号：$id        姓名：$stu->{$id}->{name}        性别：$stu->{$id}->{sex}        年龄：$stu->{$id}->{age}
    数据库：$stu->{$id}->{sjk}
    项目管理：$stu->{$id}->{xmgl}
    数据结构：$stu->{$id}->{sjjg}
    总平均分：$stu->{$id}->{average}
    #####################################################################

INFO
}

sub is_exist_id
{
    my ($stu,$id)=@_;
    unless(exists $stu->{$id})
    {
        print "该学号不存在.\n";
        return 0;
    }
    return 1;
}