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php爱好者> php文档>[学习笔记]马士兵 Servlet & JSP(2.JSP)

[学习笔记]马士兵 Servlet & JSP(2.JSP)

时间:2010-04-04  来源:mcuflower

1.最简单的JSP HelloWorld.jsp <html>
    <head>
        <title>Hello</title>
        <body>
            <%
                out.println("Hello World!");
            %>
        </body>
    </head>
</html>
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.JSP中的全局变量和局部变量 AccessCounts.jsp <html>
    <head>
        <title>JSP Declaration</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <%!
            // 全局变量
            int accessCount = 0;
        %>
       
        <%
            // 局部变量
            int accessCount2 = 0;
        %>
       
        <h2>AccessCount:
            <br>Overall Variable:<%= ++accessCount %>
            <br>Local Variable:<%= ++accessCount2 %>
        </h2>
       
    </body>
</html>
测试结果:访问同一页面,每刷新一次,accessCount增1,accessCount2不变(每次出现一个新的局部变量)。 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3.注释、当前页面从URL中取背景色参数 BGColor.jsp <html>
    <head>
        <title>Color Testing</title>
    </head>
   
    <!--
    HTML注释
    客户端可以看见
    -->
   
    <%--
    JSP注释
    客户端看不见
    --%>
   
   
    <%
    //注释2
    /*
    注释3
    */
    // 将请求中参数bgColor的值拿过来,假如没有传这个参数,则值为null
    String bgColor = request.getParameter("bgColor");
    boolean hasColor;
    if(bgColor != null) {
        hasColor = true;
    } else {
        hasColor = false;
        bgColor = "white";
    }
    %>
       
        <!--显示背景色-->
    <body bgcolor="<%= bgColor%>">
    <h2 align="center">Color Testing</h2>
   
    <%
    if(hasColor) {
        out.println("You supplied a backgroud color of " + bgColor + ".");
    } else {
        out.println("Use Default backgroud color of white");
    }
    %>
       
    </body>
</html>

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4.表达式
Expressions.jsp <html>
    <head>
        <title>JSP Expressions</title>
    </head>
    <!--表达式-->
    <body>
        <h2>JSP Expressions</h2>
       
    <UL>
        <!--获取当前本地时间-->
        <LI>Current Time:<%= new java.util.Date().toLocaleString() %>
        <LI>Your HostName:<%= request.getRemoteHost() %>
        <!--获取当前页面的SessionID-->
        <LI>Your Session Id:<%= session.getId() %>
        <LI>The <code>testParam</code> from parameter:<%= request.getParameter("testParam") %>
    </UL>
   
    </body>
</html>
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5.@page指示语句的测试 TestDirective.jsp <%@page import="java.util.*" %>
<%@page contentType="text/html;charset=gb2312" %>
    <!--@page指示语句的测试-->
    <!--将当前系统时间转变成我们本地常用的形式输出-->
<%= new Date().toLocaleString() %>
<br><br>
<%
    out.println("你好!");
%>

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.错误页跳转测试 ①TestErr.jsp <%@page errorPage="ErrPage.jsp" %>
<!--如果本页面出错则跳转到ErrPage.jsp页面-->
<%
String str = "123abc";
int i = Integer.parseInt(str);
out.println("str= " + str + ",i= " + i);
%>
②ErrPage.jsp <%@page contentType="text/html;charset=gb2312" %>
<%@page isErrorPage="true" %>
<!--本页面是个错误信息显示页-->
<html>
    <body text="red">
        错误信息:<%= exception.getMessage()%>
    </body>
</html>

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7.include指令”%@ include file“和include动作指令“jsp:include page” 前者是先包含进来再编译执行;后者是先各自编译执行再包含进来 ①include.jsp <html>
    <head>
        <title>include test</title>
    </head>
   
    <body bgcolor="white">
        <font color="red">
            The current time and date are:<br>
        <!--先将date.jsp的内容包含进来,再一起进行转换、编译和执行-->
            <%@include file="date.jsp" %><br>
        <!--先将date.jsp进行转换、编译和执行,再将结果包含进来-->
            <jsp:include page="date.jsp" flush="true" />
        </font>
    </body>
</html>
②date.jsp <%@page import="java.util.*" %>
<%--a string representation of this date, using the locale conventions.--%>
<%= (new Date()).toLocaleString() %>
说明:以下转载自网络   http://blog.matrix.org.cn/rudy541/entry/200708162 jsp中两种包含文件的区别: 相同点:两者逗能包含一个页面
不同点:
区别1:
<jsp:include page="b.jsp" />(先执行,后包含)
此标签表示法:能动态区别加进来的是动态页面还是静态页面
对于静态页面则直接将资源包含(仅取其文本)。
对于动态页面则先处理各自资源,之后将处理过的结果包含在一起。
<%@ include file="b.jsp">
此指令表示:静态地包含页面,不管其内容如何,不过是静态页面还是动态页面都首先将页面的内容先加进来。
然后一起处理,再将所有内容发给客户端。
实例挑战:
有b.jsp页面
<%int i = 10 ;%>
<%=i%>
主界面a.jsp也有<%int i = 100 ;%>        <%=i%>
如果是加载<%@ include file="b.jsp">,则是先包含后执行,就会发现报错,i被重新定义,
但如果是加载<jsp:include page="b.jsp" />则是先执行结果,然后将结果包括到主页面。不会报错。
区别2:
<jsp:include page="b.jsp" />可以分开写成:
<jsp:include page="b.jsp" >
<jsp:param name="参数名" value="参数值"/>
</jsp:include>
这样就可以传递参数。

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8.两个数的乘除运算 ①Compute.html <html>
    <head>
        <title>Compute</title>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=gb2312">
    </head>
    <!--两个数的乘除运算-->
    <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
        <div align="center">
            <form method="post" action="Compute.jsp">
                <p>选择要做的运算:
                    <input type="radio" name="compute" value="division" checked>
                    除法
                    <input type="radio" name="compute" value="multiplication">
                    乘法
                </p>
                <p>被除数(被乘数)
                    <input type="text" name="value1">
                    除数(乘数)
                    <input type="text" name="value2">
                </p>
                <p>
                    <input type="submit" name="Submit" value="计算结果">
                </p>
            </form>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
②Compute.jsp <%@page language="java" %>
<%@page contentType="text/html;charset=gb2312" %>
<%
    // 将Compute.html页面输入的要进行计算的两个变量拿过来
    String value1 = request.getParameter("value1");
    String value2 = request.getParameter("value2");
%>
<% if("division".equals(request.getParameter("compute"))) { %>
    <!--进行除法计算,把两个参数v1和v2先传到divide.jsp,再那边编译运行,然后把结果拿到这边显示出来-->
        <jsp:include page="divide.jsp" flush="true">
            <jsp:param name="v1" value="<%=value1%>"/>
            <jsp:param name="v2" value="<%=value2%>"/>
        </jsp:include>
<%    } else { %>
        <!--直接把multiply.jsp拿过来,跟本页面一起编译执行-->
        <%@include file="multiply.jsp" %>
<%    } %>

③multiply.jsp
<%@page contentType="text/html;charset=gb2312" %>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>Multiply</title>
    </head>
    <%--进行乘法计算的JSP--%>
    <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
        <center>
            <h1>
                <%
                    try{
                        float multiplicand = Float.parseFloat(request.getParameter("value1"));
                        float multiplicator = Float.parseFloat(request.getParameter("value2"));
                        double result = multiplicand*multiplicator;
                        out.println(multiplicand + "*" + multiplicator +" = " + result);
                    } catch(Exception e) {
                        out.println("不合法的乘数或被乘数");
                    }
                %>
            </h1>
        </center>
    </body>
</html>
④divide.jsp <%@page contentType="text/html;charset=gb2312" %>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>Divide</title>
    </head>
    <%--进行除法计算的JSP--%>
    <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
        <center>
            <h1>
                <%
                    try{
                        float divident = Float.parseFloat(request.getParameter("v1"));
                        float divisor = Float.parseFloat(request.getParameter("v2"));
                        double result = divident/divisor;
                        %>
                        <%= result%>
                        <%
                    } catch(Exception e) {
                        out.println("不合法的除数或被除数");
                    }
                %>
            </h1>
        </center>
    </body>
</html>
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9.jsp:forward和response.sendRedirect ①最简单的jsp:forward forward.jsp <html>
    <head>
        <title>Forward Example</title>
    </head>
    <!--最终显示的是forforward.jsp中的内容-->
    <body bgcolor=red>
        Welcome to forward.jsp
        <%--直接跳转到forforward.jsp,这两个jsp用的是同一个request--%>
        <jsp:forward page="forforward.jsp" />
    </body>
</html>
forforward.jsp <html>
    <head>
        <title>forforward.jsp</title>
    </head>
   
    <body bgcolor=blue>
        Welcome<br>
        Here is forforward.jsp
    </body>
</html>
②jsp:forward和response.sendRedirect的比较 forward1.jsp <html>
    <head>
        <title>Forward Example</title>
    </head>
   
    <body bgcolor=red>
        Welcome to forward1.jsp
        <jsp:forward page="forforward1.jsp" >
            <jsp:param name="name" value="m" />
            <jsp:param name="oldName" value='<%= request.getParameter("name")%>' />
            <jsp:param name="roles" value="manager" />
        </jsp:forward>
    </body>
</html>
forforward1.jsp:和forward1.jsp使用的是同一个request(服务器跳转) <html>
    <head>
        <title>forforward1.jsp</title>
    </head>
   
    <body bgcolor=blue>
        Welcome<br>
        Here is forforward1.jsp<br>
        <%= request.getParameter("name")%>
        <%= request.getParameter("oldName")%>
        <%= request.getParameter("roles")%>
        <%= request.getParameter("address")%>
    </body>
</html>
测试结果:
访问http://localhost:8888/test/forward/forward1.jsp?name=yyg&address=34527144231
结果:
Welcome
Here is forforward1.jsp
m yyg manager 34527144231
此时页面URL还是forward1.jsp,并没有跳转到forforward1.jsp,给用户的感觉还是刚才的页面在为自己服务。
说明:m 和manager 是forward1.jsp中传过来的;而yyg 和34527144231 是在URL中通过request传过来的。并且forward1.jsp中也没有address属性,这也从另一个角度说明了这两个jsp使用的是同一个request。

test.jsp:和forward1.jsp使用的是不同的request
说明:访问过http://localhost:8888/test/forward/test.jsp后,页面跳转成http://localhost:8888/test/forward/forforward1.jsp
这个过程中客户和服务器之间产生了两个request,并且test.jsp后跟参数并不能传递到forforward1.jsp(原因也很明显:两次是不同的request)
<%
    response.sendRedirect("forforward1.jsp");
%>

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10.jsp:useBean ①CounterBean.java package bean; import java.io.Serializable; /**
 * 一个很普通的JavaBean
 * @author jukey
 *
 */
public class CounterBean implements Serializable {
   
    private int count = 0;
    public CounterBean() {}     public int getCount() {
        count++;
        return count;
    }
    public void setCount(int count) {
        this.count = count;
    }
}
②test.jsp:JSP往JavaBean中设置值,从JavaBean中拿值 <%@page import="bean.*" %> <%--
<%
    // 下面这个语句等同于<jsp:useBean id="cb" class="bean.CounterBean"></jsp:useBean>
    CounterBean cb = new CounterBean();
%>
--%>
<jsp:useBean id="cb" class="bean.CounterBean">
</jsp:useBean>
<font color="red" size="5">
    <%--将bean中存储的值拿出来--%>
    <%= cb.getCount()%>
</font>
<!--往bean中存值-->
<jsp:setProperty name="cb" property="count" value="25" />
    <%--cb.setCount(25)--%>
   
<!--往bean中取值-->
<jsp:getProperty name="cb" property="count" />
    <%--cb.getCount()--%>

以下是Bean的4种作用范围的测试:
③page有效(仅涵盖使用JavaBean的页面) PageBean.jsp <jsp:useBean id="counterBean" scope="page" class="bean.CounterBean" />
   
<html>
    <body>
        <h3>CounterBean scope="page" Example</h3>
        <b>count:</b> <%= counterBean.getCount()%>
    <%--上下两句效果一样--%>
        <jsp:getProperty name="counterBean" property="count"/>
    </body>
</html>
④request有效(有效范围仅限于使用JavaBean的请求) RequestBean.jsp
<jsp:useBean id="counterBean" scope="request" class="bean.CounterBean" />
   
<%--
    bean.CounterBean counterBean = request.getAttribute("counterBean");
    if(counterBean == null) {
        counterBean = new bean.CounterBean();
        request.setAttribute("counterBean",counterBean);
    }
--%>
   
<html>
    <body>
        <h3>CounterBean scope="request" Example</h3>
    <!--往当前request对应的bean中设置-->
        <% counterBean.setCount(100); %>
        <%--和RequestBean2.jsp用的是同一个request,也是同一个counterBean对象--%>
            <!--测试结果是101-->
        <jsp:forward page="RequestBean2.jsp" />
           
            <%--和RequestBean2.jsp用的不是同一个request,也不是同一个counterBean对象--%>
                <!--访问RequestBean.jsp,跳转到RequestBean2.jsp,因为和当前request不是同一个request-->
                <!--则产生一个新的request,产生一个新的bean对象,测试结果是1而不是101-->
        <%-- response.sendRedirect("RequestBean2.jsp"); --%>
    </body>
</html>

RequestBean2.jsp

<jsp:useBean id="counterBean" scope="request" class="bean.CounterBean" />
   
<html>
    <body>
        <h3>CounterBean scope="request" Example</h3>
        <b>count:</b> <%= counterBean.getCount()%>
    </body>
</html>

⑤Session有效(有效范围在用户整个连接过程中,整个会话阶段均有效)
SessionBean.jsp
<jsp:useBean id="counterBean" scope="session" class="bean.CounterBean" />
   
<%--
    // 这一段java代码等同于上面这句JSP语句
    bean.CounterBean counterBean = session.getAttribute("counterBean");
    if(counterBean == null) {
        counterBean = new bean.CounterBean();
        session.setAttribute("counterBean",counterBean);
    }
--%>
<html>
    <body>
        <h3>CounterBean scope="session" Example</h3>
        <b>count:</b> <%= counterBean.getCount()%>
    </body>
</html>

SessionBean2.jsp

<jsp:useBean id="counterBean" scope="session" class="bean.CounterBean" />
   
<html>
    <body>
        <h3>CounterBean scope="session" Example</h3>
        <b>count:</b> <%= counterBean.getCount()%>
    </body>
</html>
  ⑥application有效(有效范围涵盖整个应用程序,也就是对整个网站都有效)
可用于作为首页访问量的计数器
ApplicationBean.jsp
<jsp:useBean id="counterBean" scope="application" class="bean.CounterBean" />
   
<html>
    <body>
        <h3>CounterBean scope="application" Example</h3>
        <b>count:</b> <%= counterBean.getCount()%>
    </body>
</html>

ApplicationBean2.jsp

<jsp:useBean id="counterBean" scope="application" class="bean.CounterBean" />
   
<html>
    <body>
        <h3>CounterBean scope="application" Example</h3>
        <b>count:</b> <%= counterBean.getCount()%>
    </body>
</html>
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11.jsp:setProperty和jsp:getProperty ①SaleEntry.jsp <html>
    <head>
        <title>Using jsp:setProperty</title>
    </head>
    <!--销售条目(单行:商品编号、单价、数量、总价)-->
    <body>
        <table border=5 align="center" >
            <tr><th class="title">
                Using jsp:setProperty
        </table>
       
        <jsp:useBean id="entry" class="bean.SaleEntry" />
       
        <%--从JSP向JavaBean中设值--%>   
<!--通过param指定表单元素的名称,通过property指定bean的属性名称,由此建立两个变量的关联-->
        <jsp:setProperty name="entry" property="itemID" value="<%= request.getParameter("itemID")%>" />
        <jsp:setProperty name="entry" property="numItems" param="numItems" />
        <jsp:setProperty name="entry" property="discountCode" param="discountCode" />
                   
        <br>
       
        <table border=1 align="center" >
            <tr class="colored">
                <th>Item ID<th>Unit Price<th>Number Ordered<th>Total Price
            <tr align="right">
                <%--Jsp从JavaBean中取值--%>
                <td><jsp:getProperty name="entry" property="itemID" />
                <td>$<jsp:getProperty name="entry" property="itemCost" />
                <td><jsp:getProperty name="entry" property="numItems" />
                <td>$<jsp:getProperty name="entry" property="totalCost" />
        </table>
    </body>
</html>
②SaleEntry.java package bean; public class SaleEntry {
   
    private String itemID = "unknown";
    // 折扣
    private double discountCode = 1.0;
    private int numItems = 0;
   
    public double getDiscountCode() {
        return discountCode;
    }
   
    public void setDiscountCode(double discountCode) {
        this.discountCode = discountCode;
    }
   
    public String getItemID() {
        return itemID;
    }
   
    public void setItemID(String itemID) {
        this.itemID = itemID;
    }
   
    public int getNumItems() {
        return numItems;
    }
   
    public void setNumItems(int numItems) {
        this.numItems = numItems;
    }
   
    // 获取单价
    public double getItemCost() {
        double cost;
        if("a1234".equals(itemID)) {
            cost = 12.99 * getDiscountCode();
        } else {
            cost = -99;
        }
        return roundToPennies(cost);
    }
   
    // 计算到分位
    public double roundToPennies(double cost) {
        return (Math.floor(cost * 100) / 100.0);
    }
   
    // 计算总价格
    public double getTotalCost() {
        return (getItemCost() * getNumItems());
    }
   
}

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12.HTML页面输入内容,提交给JSP文件,JSP将这些内容存入JavaBean,再从JavaBean中拿出来显示。
中间有个中文乱码的处理问题。
①SayHelloBean.html <html>
    <head>
        <title>数据输入</title>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=gb2312">
    </head>
   
    <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
        <div align="center" >
            <p>请输入数据</p>
                <form method="post" action="SayHelloBean.jsp" >
                    <p>姓名
                        <input type="text" name="name">
                        性别
                        <select name="sex">
                            <option value="先生">先生</option>
                            <option value="女士">女士</option>
                        </select>
                    </p>
                    <p>
                        <input type="submit" name="Submit" value="提交">
                    </p>
                </form>
                <p>&nbsp;</p>
                <p>&nbsp;</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>

②SayHelloBean.jsp
<%@page language="java" import="bean.HelloBean;" %>
<%@page contentType="text/html;charset=gb2312" %>
<%--先将传过来的request中的字符编码格式设置成gbk,再取内容--%>
<% request.setCharacterEncoding("gbk"); %>
<jsp:useBean id="hello" class="bean.HelloBean" scope="request" >
    <%--通过*来设置所有属性和输入参数之间的关联,struts中大量运用--%>
        <jsp:setProperty name="hello" property="*" />
</jsp:useBean>
   
<html>
    <head>
        <title>HelloBean</title>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=gb2312">
    </head>
   
    <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
        <p>&nbsp;</p>
        <p align="center" >
            <font size="4">欢迎
                <font color="#0000FF">
                    <b>
                        <%--转码(终结解决方案):将hello对象中name属性的值用ISO8859_1编码格式以字节数组拿出,再转化成gbk格式---%>
                        <%--= new String(hello.getName().getBytes("ISO8859_1"),"gbk")--%>
                    </b>
                </font>
                <%--转码(终结解决方案):将hello对象中sex属性的值用ISO8859_1编码格式以字节数组拿出,再转化成gbk格式---%>
                <%--= new String(hello.getSex().getBytes("ISO8859_1"),"gbk")--%>
            </font>
        </p>
        <jsp:getProperty name="hello" property="name" />
        <jsp:getProperty name="hello" property="sex" />
    </body>
</html>

③HelloBean.java
package bean; public class HelloBean {     private String name = "";
    private String sex = "";
   
    public HelloBean() {}
   
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
   
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
   
    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }
   
    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }
   
}

 
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