查看mysql字符集MySQL 乱码的根源是的 MySQL 字符..

时间：2010-04-02 来源：shuguangshaomeng

注意：从windows下拷贝过来的文件在linux下不能直接加入数据库，因为字符集不一样，这样打开即使显示是中文也不能在数据库中显示，要把文件拷贝进linux的另一个文件中转换字符才可以。

MySQL 乱码的根源是的 MySQL 字符集设置不当的问题，本文汇总了有关查看 MySQL 字符集的命令。包括查看 MySQL 数据库服务器字符集、查看 MySQL 数据库字符集，以及数据表和字段的字符集、当前安装的 MySQL 所支持的字符集等。

一、查看 MySQL 数据库服务器和数据库字符集。

mysql> show variables like '%char%';
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------+------
| Variable_name            | Value                               |......
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------+------
| character_set_client     | utf8                                |......   -- 客户端字符集
| character_set_connection | utf8                                |......
| character_set_database   | utf8                                |......   -- 数据库字符集
| character_set_filesystem | binary                              |......
| character_set_results    | utf8                                |......
| character_set_server     | utf8                                |......   -- 服务器字符集
| character_set_system     | utf8                                |......
| character_sets_dir       | D:\MySQL Server 5.0\share\charsets\ |......
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------+------

二、查看 MySQL 数据表（table）的字符集。

mysql> show table status from sqlstudy_db like '%countries%';
+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------
| Name      | Engine | Version | Row_format | Rows | Collation       |......
+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------
| countries | InnoDB |      10 | Compact    |   11 | utf8_general_ci |......
+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------

三、查看 MySQL 数据列（column）的字符集。

mysql> show full columns from countries;
+----------------------+-------------+-----------------+--------
| Field                | Type        | Collation       | .......
+----------------------+-------------+-----------------+--------
| countries_id         | int(11)     | NULL            | .......
| countries_name       | varchar(64) | utf8_general_ci | .......
| countries_iso_code_2 | char(2)     | utf8_general_ci | .......
| countries_iso_code_3 | char(3)     | utf8_general_ci | .......
| address_format_id    | int(11)     | NULL            | .......
+----------------------+-------------+-----------------+--------

四、查看当前安装的 MySQL 所支持的字符集。

mysql> show charset;
mysql> show char set;
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| Charset  | Description                 | Default collation   | Maxlen |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| big5     | Big5 Traditional Chinese    | big5_chinese_ci     |      2 |
| dec8     | DEC West European           | dec8_swedish_ci     |      1 |
| cp850    | DOS West European           | cp850_general_ci    |      1 |
| hp8      | HP West European            | hp8_english_ci      |      1 |
| koi8r    | KOI8-R Relcom Russian       | koi8r_general_ci    |      1 |
| latin1   | cp1252 West European        | latin1_swedish_ci   |      1 |
| latin2   | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci   |      1 |
| swe7     | 7bit Swedish                | swe7_swedish_ci     |      1 |
| ascii    | US ASCII                    | ascii_general_ci    |      1 |
| ujis     | EUC-JP Japanese             | ujis_japanese_ci    |      3 |
| sjis     | Shift-JIS Japanese          | sjis_japanese_ci    |      2 |
| hebrew   | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew           | hebrew_general_ci   |      1 |
| tis620   | TIS620 Thai                 | tis620_thai_ci      |      1 |
| euckr    | EUC-KR Korean               | euckr_korean_ci     |      2 |
| koi8u    | KOI8-U Ukrainian            | koi8u_general_ci    |      1 |
| gb2312   | GB2312 Simplified Chinese   | gb2312_chinese_ci   |      2 |
| greek    | ISO 8859-7 Greek            | greek_general_ci    |      1 |
| cp1250   | Windows Central European    | cp1250_general_ci   |      1 |
| gbk      | GBK Simplified Chinese      | gbk_chinese_ci      |      2 |
| latin5   | ISO 8859-9 Turkish          | latin5_turkish_ci   |      1 |
| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian          | armscii8_general_ci |      1 |
| utf8     | UTF-8 Unicode               | utf8_general_ci     |      3 |
| ucs2     | UCS-2 Unicode               | ucs2_general_ci     |      2 |
| cp866    | DOS Russian                 | cp866_general_ci    |      1 |
| keybcs2  | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak  | keybcs2_general_ci  |      1 |
| macce    | Mac Central European        | macce_general_ci    |      1 |
| macroman | Mac West European           | macroman_general_ci |      1 |
| cp852    | DOS Central European        | cp852_general_ci    |      1 |
| latin7   | ISO 8859-13 Baltic          | latin7_general_ci   |      1 |
| cp1251   | Windows Cyrillic            | cp1251_general_ci   |      1 |
| cp1256   | Windows Arabic              | cp1256_general_ci   |      1 |
| cp1257   | Windows Baltic              | cp1257_general_ci   |      1 |
| binary   | Binary pseudo charset       | binary              |      1 |
| geostd8  | GEOSTD8 Georgian            | geostd8_general_ci  |      1 |
| cp932    | SJIS for Windows Japanese   | cp932_japanese_ci   |      2 |
| eucjpms  | UJIS for Windows Japanese   | eucjpms_japanese_ci |      3 |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+

以上查看 MySQL 字符集命令，适用于 Windows & Linux。

1.查找MySQL的cnf文件的位置
find / -iname '*.cnf' -print

/usr/share/mysql/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf
/usr/share/mysql/my-large.cnf
/usr/share/mysql/my-small.cnf
/usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf
/usr/share/mysql/my-huge.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/web2c/mktex.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/web2c/fmtutil.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/tex/xmltex/xmltexfmtutil.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/tex/jadetex/jadefmtutil.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-large.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-small.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-medium.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-huge.cnf

2. 拷贝 small.cnf、my-medium.cnf、my-huge.cnf、my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf其中的一个到/etc下，命名为my.cnf
cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

3. 修改my.cnf
vi /etc/my.cnf
在[client]下添加
default-character-set=utf8
在[mysqld]下添加
default-character-set=utf8

4.重新启动MySQL
[root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart
Shutting down MySQL                                        [ 确定 ]
Starting MySQL.                                           [ 确定 ]
[root@bogon ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.1.22-rc-community-log MySQL Community Edition (GPL)
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

5.查看字符集设置
mysql> show variables like 'collation_%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name       | Value          |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server    | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.02 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name          | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client    | utf8                      |
| character_set_connection | utf8                      |
| character_set_database | utf8                      |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                   |
| character_set_results    | utf8                      |
| character_set_server    | utf8                      |
| character_set_system    | utf8                      |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.02 sec)
mysql>

其他的一些设置方法：

修改数据库的字符集
mysql>use mydb
mysql>alter database mydb character set utf-8;
创建数据库指定数据库的字符集
mysql>create database mydb character set utf-8;

通过配置文件修改:
修改/var/lib/mysql/mydb/db.opt
default-character-set=latin1
default-collation=latin1_swedish_ci
为
default-character-set=utf8
default-collation=utf8_general_ci
重起MySQL:
[root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart

通过MySQL命令行修改:
mysql> set character_set_client=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_connection=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_database=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_results=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_server=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_system=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> set collation_connection=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> set collation_database=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> set collation_server=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
查看:
mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name          | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client    | utf8                      |
| character_set_connection | utf8                      |
| character_set_database | utf8                      |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                   |
| character_set_results    | utf8                      |
| character_set_server    | utf8                      |
| character_set_system    | utf8                      |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.03 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'collation_%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name       | Value          |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server    | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.04 sec)

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【知识性文章转载】
MYSQL 字符集问题

MySQL的字符集支持(Character Set Support)有两个方面：
   字符集(Character set)和排序方式(Collation)。
对于字符集的支持细化到四个层次:
   服务器(server)，数据库(database)，数据表(table)和连接(connection)。
1.MySQL默认字符集
MySQL对于字符集的指定可以细化到一个数据库，一张表，一列，应该用什么字符集。
但是，传统的程序在创建数据库和数据表时并没有使用那么复杂的配置，它们用的是默认的配置，那么，默认的配置从何而来呢？    (1)编译MySQL 时，指定了一个默认的字符集，这个字符集是 latin1；
   (2)安装MySQL 时，可以在配置文件 (my.ini) 中指定一个默认的的字符集，如果没指定，这个值继承自编译时指定的；
   (3)启动mysqld 时，可以在命令行参数中指定一个默认的的字符集，如果没指定，这个值继承自配置文件中的配置,此时 character_set_server 被设定为这个默认的字符集；
   (4)当创建一个新的数据库时，除非明确指定，这个数据库的字符集被缺省设定为character_set_server；
   (5)当选定了一个数据库时，character_set_database 被设定为这个数据库默认的字符集；
   (6)在这个数据库里创建一张表时，表默认的字符集被设定为 character_set_database，也就是这个数据库默认的字符集；
   (7)当在表内设置一栏时，除非明确指定，否则此栏缺省的字符集就是表默认的字符集；
简单的总结一下，如果什么地方都不修改，那么所有的数据库的所有表的所有栏位的都用
latin1 存储，不过我们如果安装 MySQL，一般都会选择多语言支持，也就是说，安装程序会自动在配置文件中把
default_character_set 设置为 UTF-8，这保证了缺省情况下，所有的数据库的所有表的所有栏位的都用 UTF-8 存储。
2.查看默认字符集(默认情况下，mysql的字符集是latin1(ISO_8859_1)
通常，查看系统的字符集和排序方式的设定可以通过下面的两条命令：
   mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Variable_name          | Value                         |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
| character_set_client    | latin1                         |
| character_set_connection | latin1                         |
| character_set_database | latin1                         |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                   |
| character_set_results    | latin1                         |
| character_set_server    | latin1                         |
| character_set_system    | utf8                            |
| character_sets_dir       | D:"mysql-5.0.37"share"charsets" |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation_%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name       | Value          |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server    | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3.修改默认字符集
(1) 最简单的修改方法，就是修改mysql的my.ini文件中的字符集键值，
如    default-character-set = utf8
   character_set_server = utf8
修改完后，重启mysql的服务，service mysql restart
使用 mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';查看，发现数据库编码均已改成utf8
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Variable_name          | Value                         |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
| character_set_client    | utf8                            |
| character_set_connection | utf8                            |
| character_set_database | utf8                            |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                         |
| character_set_results    | utf8                            |
| character_set_server    | utf8                            |
| character_set_system    | utf8                            |
| character_sets_dir       | D:"mysql-5.0.37"share"charsets" |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
(2) 还有一种修改字符集的方法，就是使用mysql的命令
mysql> SET character_set_client = utf8 ;