[MySQL优化案例]系列 -- OPTIMIZE的威力

作/译者：叶金荣（Email: ），来源：http://imysql.cn，转载请注明作/译者和出处，并且不能用于商业用途，违者必究。

1、先来看看多次删除插入操作后的表索引情况

mysql> SHOW INDEX FROM `tbl_name`;
+----------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
| Table    | Non_unique | Key_name   | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment |
+----------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
| tbl_name |          0 | PRIMARY    |            1 | StepID      | A         |           1 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |
| tbl_name |          1 | FlowID     |            1 | FlowID      | A         |           1 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |
| tbl_name |          1 | WagerCount |            1 | WagerCount  | A         |           1 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |
| tbl_name |          1 | WagerID_3  |            1 | WagerID     | A         |           1 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |
| tbl_name |          1 | WagerID_3  |            2 | StepType    | A         |           1 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |
| tbl_name |          1 | WagerID_3  |            3 | ParamResult | A         |           1 |      255 | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |
| tbl_name |          1 | StepType_2 |            1 | StepType    | A         |           1 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |
| tbl_name |          1 | StepType_2 |            2 | ParamResult | A         |           1 |      255 | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |
| tbl_name |          1 | WagerID_2  |            1 | WagerID     | A         |           1 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |
| tbl_name |          1 | WagerID_2  |            2 | StepType    | A         |           1 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |
| tbl_name |          1 | WagerID_2  |            3 | ParamResult | A         |           1 |      255 | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |
+----------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
11 rows in set (0.01 sec)

2、优化表

mysql> optimize table tbl_name;
+---------------+----------+----------+----------+
| Table         | Op       | Msg_type | Msg_text |
+---------------+----------+----------+----------+
| test.tbl_name | optimize | status   | OK       |
+---------------+----------+----------+----------+
1 row in set (40.60 sec)

3、再来看看优化后的效果

mysql> SHOW INDEX FROM `tbl_name`;
+----------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
| Table    | Non_unique | Key_name   | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment |
+----------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
| tbl_name |          0 | PRIMARY    |            1 | StepID      | A         |      172462 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |
| tbl_name |          1 | FlowID     |            1 | FlowID      | A         |       86231 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |
| tbl_name |          1 | WagerCount |            1 | WagerCount  | A         |        4311 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |
| tbl_name |          1 | WagerID_3  |            1 | WagerID     | A         |       86231 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |
| tbl_name |          1 | WagerID_3  |            2 | StepType    | A         |      172462 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |
| tbl_name |          1 | WagerID_3  |            3 | ParamResult | A         |      172462 |      255 | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |
| tbl_name |          1 | StepType_2 |            1 | StepType    | A         |           9 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |
| tbl_name |          1 | StepType_2 |            2 | ParamResult | A         |       86231 |      255 | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |
| tbl_name |          1 | WagerID_2  |            1 | WagerID     | A         |       86231 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |
| tbl_name |          1 | WagerID_2  |            2 | StepType    | A         |      172462 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |
| tbl_name |          1 | WagerID_2  |            3 | ParamResult | A         |      172462 |      255 | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |
+----------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+

最后，来看看手册中关于 OPTIMIZE 的描述：

OPTIMIZE [LOCAL | NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG] TABLE tbl_name [, tbl_name] ...

如果您已经删除了表的一大部分，或者如果您已经对含有可变长度行的表（含有VARCHAR, BLOB或TEXT列的表）进行了很多更改，则应使用
OPTIMIZE TABLE。被删除的记录被保持在链接清单中，后续的INSERT操作会重新使用旧的记录位置。您可以使用OPTIMIZE TABLE来重新
利用未使用的空间，并整理数据文件的碎片。

在多数的设置中，您根本不需要运行OPTIMIZE TABLE。即使您对可变长度的行进行了大量的更新，您也不需要经常运行，每周一次或每月一次
即可，只对特定的表运行。

OPTIMIZE TABLE只对MyISAM, BDB和InnoDB表起作用。

注意，在OPTIMIZE TABLE运行过程中，MySQL会锁定表。