os模块1 [Python]

时间：2008-10-05 来源：lvDbing

常用的os模块工具

Tasks	tools
Shell variables	os.environ
Running programs	os.system os.popen os.popen2/3/4 os.startfile
Spawning processes	os.fork os.pipe os.exec os.waitpid os.kill
Descriptor files, locks	os. open os.read os.write
File processing	os.remove os.rename os.mkfifo os.mkidr os.rmdir
Administrative tools	os.getcwd os.chdir os.chmod os.getpid os.listdir
Portability tools	os.sep os.pathsep os.curdir os.path.split os.path.join
Pathname tools	os.path.exisets('path') os.path.isdir('path') os.path.getsize('path')

os模块的方法和属性是比较多的,而且在不同的平台下,也不尽相同. Linux

[root@lvdbing ~]# python
Python 2.5.2 (r252:60911, Sep 26 2008, 01:57:27)
[GCC 3.4.6 20060404 (Red Hat 3.4.6-9)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import os
>>> dir(os)
['EX_CANTCREAT', 'EX_CONFIG', 'EX_DATAERR', ... ... ... 'umask', 'write']
>>> len(dir(os))
213

WindowsXP

Python 2.5.2 (r252:60911, Mar 27 2008, 17:57:18) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)] on
win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import os
>>> dir(os)
['F_OK', 'O_APPEND', 'O_BINARY', 'O_CREAT', 'O_EXCL', ... ... ... , 'write']
>>> len(dir(os))
122

可以看到Linux和WindowsXP是不同的.

如何才能知道模块提供的工具如何使用呢,Python使用help()函数可以实时查看帮助文档.

>>> help(os)

Help on module os:

NAME
    os - OS routines for Mac, NT, or Posix depending on what system we're on.

FILE
    /usr/local/python25/lib/python2.5/os.py

MODULE DOCS
    http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-os.html

DESCRIPTION
    This exports:
      - all functions from posix, nt, os2, mac, or ce, e.g. unlink, stat, etc.
      - os.path is one of the modules posixpath, ntpath, or macpath
      - os.name is 'posix', 'nt', 'os2', 'mac', 'ce' or 'riscos'
      - os.curdir is a string representing the current directory ('.' or ':')
      - os.pardir is a string representing the parent directory ('..' or '::')
      - os.sep is the (or a most common) pathname separator ('/' or ':' or '\\')
      - os.extsep is the extension separator ('.' or '/')
      - os.altsep is the alternate pathname separator (None or '/')
      - os.pathsep is the component separator used in $PATH etc
      - os.linesep is the line separator in text files ('\r' or '\n' or '\r\n')
      - os.defpath is the default search path for executables
      - os.devnull is the file path of the null device ('/dev/null', etc.)

    Programs that import and use 'os