#!/usr/bin/env bash释疑

时间：2008-04-06 来源：剑心通明

我有点孤陋寡闻了，今天才知道还有这么个写法，man＋google了一下，明白是怎么回事了，试着解释如下：
   Probably the most common use of env is to find the correct interpreter
   for a script, when the interpreter may be in different directories on
   different systems.  The following example will find the `perl' inter-
   preter by searching through the directories specified by PATH.

         #!/usr/bin/env perl

   One limitation of that example is that it assumes the user's value for
   PATH is set to a value which will find the interpreter you want to exe-
   cute.  The -P option can be used to make sure a specific list of directo-
   ries is used in the search for utility.  Note that the -S option is also
   required for this example to work correctly.

         #!/usr/bin/env -S -P/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin perl

   The above finds `perl' only if it is in /usr/local/bin or /usr/bin.  That
   could be combined with the present value of PATH, to provide more flexi-
   bility.  Note that spaces are not required between the -S and -P options:

         #!/usr/bin/env -S-P/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:${PATH} perl

这种写法主要是为了让你的程序在不同的系统上都能适用。
不管你的perl是在/usr/bin/perl还是/usr/local/bin/perl，#!/usr/bin/env perl会自动的在你的用户PATH变量中所定义的目录中寻找perl来执行的。
还可以加上-P参数来指定一些目录去寻找perl这个程序，#!/usr/bin/env -S -P/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin perl的作用就是在/usr/local/bin和/usr/bin目录下寻找perl。
为了让程序更加的有可扩展性，可以写成#!/usr/bin/env -S-P/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:${PATH} perl，那么它除了在这两个目录寻找之外，还会在PATH变量中定义的目录中寻找。

同样的php也适用， #!/usr/bin/php写成 #!/usr/bin/env php会好些，当然更好的是#!/usr/bin/env -S-P/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:${PATH} php