MYSQL 教程 §1, 安装MYSQL
时间：2008-02-12 来源：oychw
§1, 安装MYSQL
本章主要内容：
· Installing on Linux
· Installing on Windows
· Installing on OS X
· Configuring your system
· Setting the root password
· Deleting anonymous accounts
Mysql 有源码和二进制两种版本,针对初学者,建议使用二进制版本.因为它易于安装,而且性能和稳定性较好.
Mysql 有3种版本: Standard, Max, and Debug, 这里要使用max版本,因为需要使用InnoDB transaction-safe tables等.本书主要针对: MySQL 4.1.
Mysql一般同时有多个版本：当前，最近版本，和一系列开发版本。
下载地址: www.mysql.com/downloads/index.html
§1.1 在linux上安装
需要安装如下包:
MySQL-server-VERSION.i386.rpm,MySQL-Max-VERSION.i386.rpm,MySQL-client-VERSION.i386.rpm,安装完毕后, /etc/init.d/会生成自动启动脚本.
具体安装过程暂略, 需要以后在安装的时候添加,包含用rpm方式和编译方式的安装
§1.2 在Windows上安装(略)
§1.3 在OS X上安装(略)
§1.4 配置系统
Mysql默认的安装是不安全的,很多有用的特性也是关闭的.建议进行如下配置:
1,使用InnoDB tables
2,开启binary logging,以便灾难恢复
3,开启slow query logging
Windows下默认配置文件为c:\my.cnf, 建议改为my.ini,因为cnf有时是其他程序的文件扩展名.
Linux的在/etc/my.cnf,如果在一台服务器运行多个mysql, 可以在数据目录放置my.cnf。单个用户的配置文件在~/.my.cnf。
建议的配置文件如下:
[mysqld]
# turn on binary logging and slow query logging
log-bin
log-slow-queries
# InnoDB config
# This is the basic config as suggested in the manual
# Datafile(s) must be able to
# hold your data and indexes.
# Make sure you have enough
# free disk space.
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
# Set buffer pool size to
# 50 - 80 % of your computer's
# memory
set-variable = innodb_buffer_pool_size=70M
set-variable = innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=10M
# Set the log file size to about
# 25 % of the buffer pool size
set-variable = innodb_log_file_size=20M
set-variable = innodb_log_buffer_size=8M
# Set ..flush_log_at_trx_commit
# to 0 if you can afford losing
# some last transactions
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
公司的配置文件:
# Example MySQL config file for very large systems.
#
# This is for a large system with memory of 1G-2G where the system runs mainly
# MySQL.
#
# You can copy this file to
# /etc/my.cnf to set global options,
# mysql-data-dir/my.cnf to set server-specific options (in this
# installation this directory is /usr/local/mysql/data) or
# ~/.my.cnf to set user-specific options.
#
# In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.
# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program
# with the "--help" option.
# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client]
#password = your_password
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
# Here follows entries for some specific programs
# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-locking
key_buffer = 384M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_cache = 512
sort_buffer_size = 2M
read_buffer_size = 2M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache = 8
query_cache_size = 32M
# Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency
max_connections = 2000
thread_concurrency = 2
log_slow_queries = /var/lib/mysql/slow_query.log
log = /var/lib/mysql/query.log
long_query_time = 1
datadir = /usr/local/mysql_data
# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows
# (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!
#
# mary add bind-address for MR mdSwh00015578
#skip-networking
#bind-address = 127.0.0.1
# Replication Master Server (default)
# binary logging is required for replication
# 04/04/2006, randy disable the binary logging
#log-bin
# required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1
# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set
# but will not function as a master if omitted
server-id = 1
# Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this)
#
# To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between
# two methods :
#
# 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -
# the syntax is:
#
# CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>,
# MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ;
#
# where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and
# <port> by the master's port number (3306 by default).
#
# Example:
#
# CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306,
# MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret';
#
# OR
#
# 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then
# start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example
# if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to
# connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later
# change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and
# overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown
# the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server.
# For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched
# (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above)
#
# required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1
# (and different from the master)
# defaults to 2 if master-host is set
# but will not function as a slave if omitted
#server-id = 2
#
# The replication master for this slave - required
#master-host = <hostname>
#
# The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting
# to the master - required
#master-user = <username>
#
# The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to
# the master - required
#master-password = <password>
#
# The port the master is listening on.
# optional - defaults to 3306
#master-port = <port>
#
# binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended
#log-bin
# Point the following paths to different dedicated disks
#tmpdir = /tmp/
#log-update = /path-to-dedicated-directory/hostname
# Uncomment the following if you are using BDB tables
#bdb_cache_size = 384M
#bdb_max_lock = 100000
# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
#innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data/
#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:2000M;ibdata2:10M:autoextend
#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data/
#innodb_log_arch_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data/
# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %
# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high
#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 384M
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 20M
# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
#innodb_log_file_size = 100M
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates
[isamchk]
key_buffer = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
12章里面将进行更深入的讨论
§1.5 其他配置
如果不能启动,可以使用mysqld –standalone(windows下面)
设置密码: set password for root@localhost=password('your password');现在需要这样登录: mysql -u root -p
删除匿名用户:
use mysql;
delete from user where User='';
delete from db where User='';
flush privileges;
创建用户:
grant create, create temporary tables, delete, execute, index, insert,
lock tables, select, show databases, update
on *.*
to username identified by 'password';
Summary
By this stage, you should have a working MySQL installation ready to follow along in the rest of the book. You should have done the following:
· Downloaded the latest binary version of MySQL for your operating system from mysql.com.
· Installed it—either via the installation program (on Windows or OS X) or via RPM.
· Set up the server to run automatically on system startup, if so desired.
· Created an options file.
· Logged in and out for the first time.
· Set the root password.
· Deleted anonymous accounts.
· Created a username and password for your own programming tasks.
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