grep用法

时间：2008-02-26 来源：brain2007

Grep : g (globally) search for a re (regular expression ) and p (print ) the results.

1、参数：
-I ：忽略大小写
-c ：打印匹配的行数
-l ：从多个文件中查找包含匹配项
-v ：查找不包含匹配项的行
-n：打印包含匹配项的行和行标

2、RE（正则表达式）
\ 忽略正则表达式中特殊字符的原有含义
^ 匹配正则表达式的开始行
$ 匹配正则表达式的结束行
\< 从匹配正则表达式的行开始
\> 到匹配正则表达式的行结束
[ ] 单个字符；如[A] 即A符合要求
[ - ] 范围；如[A-Z]即A，B，C一直到Z都符合要求
. 所有的单个字符
* 所有字符，长度可以为0

3、举例
# ps -ef | grep in.telnetd
root 19955 181 0 13:43:53 ? 0:00 in.telnetd

# more size.txt size文件的内容
b124230
b034325
a081016
m7187998
m7282064
a022021
a061048
m9324822
b103303
a013386
b044525
m8987131
B081016
M45678
B103303
BADc2345

# more size.txt | grep '[a-b]' 范围；如[A-Z]即A，B，C一直到Z都符合要求
b124230
b034325
a081016
a022021
a061048
b103303
a013386
b044525
# more size.txt | grep '[a-b]'*
b124230
b034325
a081016
m7187998
m7282064
a022021
a061048
m9324822
b103303
a013386
b044525
m8987131
B081016
M45678
B103303
BADc2345

# more size.txt | grep '[b]' 单个字符；如[A] 即A符合要求
b124230
b034325
b103303
b044525
# more size.txt | grep '[bB]'
b124230
b034325
b103303
b044525
B081016
B103303
BADc2345

# grep 'root' /etc/group
root::0:root
bin::2:root,bin,daemon
sys::3:root,bin,sys,adm
adm::4:root,adm,daemon
uucp::5:root,uucp
mail::6:root
tty::7:root,tty,adm
lp::8:root,lp,adm
nuucp::9:root,nuucp
daemon::12:root,daemon

# grep '^root' /etc/group 匹配正则表达式的开始行
root::0:root

# grep 'uucp' /etc/group
uucp::5:root,uucp
nuucp::9:root,nuucp

# grep '\<uucp' /etc/group
uucp::5:root,uucp

# grep 'root$' /etc/group 匹配正则表达式的结束行
root::0:root
mail::6:root

# more size.txt | grep -i 'b1..*3' -i ：忽略大小写

b124230
b103303
B103303

# more size.txt | grep -iv 'b1..*3' -v ：查找不包含匹配项的行

b034325
a081016
m7187998
m7282064
a022021
a061048
m9324822
a013386
b044525
m8987131
B081016
M45678
BADc2345

# more size.txt | grep -in 'b1..*3'
1:b124230
9:b103303
15:B103303

# grep '$' /etc/init.d/nfs.server | wc -l
128
# grep '\$' /etc/init.d/nfs.server | wc –l 忽略正则表达式中特殊字符的原有含义

15
# grep '\$' /etc/init.d/nfs.server
case "$1" in
>/tmp/sharetab.$$
[ "x$fstype" != xnfs ] && \
echo "$path\t$res\t$fstype\t$opts\t$desc" \
>>/tmp/sharetab.$$
/usr/bin/touch -r /etc/dfs/sharetab /tmp/sharetab.$$
/usr/bin/mv -f /tmp/sharetab.$$ /etc/dfs/sharetab
if [ -f /etc/dfs/dfstab ] && /usr/bin/egrep -v '^[ ]*(#|$)' \
if [ $startnfsd -eq 0 -a -f /etc/rmmount.conf ] && \
if [ $startnfsd -ne 0 ]; then
elif [ ! -n "$_INIT_RUN_LEVEL" ]; then
while [ $wtime -gt 0 ]; do
wtime=`expr $wtime - 1`
if [ $wtime -eq 0 ]; then
echo "Usage: $0 { start | stop }"

# more size.txt

the test file
their are files
The end

# grep 'the' size.txt
the test file
their are files

# grep '\<the' size.txt
the test file
their are files

# grep 'the\>' size.txt
the test file

# grep '\<the\>' size.txt
the test file

# grep '\<[Tt]he\>' size.txt
the test file
The end