老年痴呆病人的家庭护理
时间:2007-04-20 来源:sjxingyun
老年痴呆是一种慢性、进行性精神衰退疾病,其病程隐蔽,进展缓慢。一般来说轻度痴呆不太影响日常生活,中度痴呆需少许监护和照顾,重度痴呆需经常监护和照顾。虽然药物可以延缓老年痴呆症的发病进程,但目前尚无彻底治愈的方法。所以预防老年痴呆还需从家庭开始。除了就医治疗,做好老年痴呆病人的家庭护理也十分重要。那么预防和家庭护理包括哪些内容呢?
膳食平衡和心理健康,有助于预防或减缓痴呆的发生
多数老年痴呆病人说不出明显的发病日期,可见其是缓慢发生的疾病。因此远离导致痴呆的各种危险因素就显得十分重要,如不良的生活方式和饮食习惯、情绪抑郁、环境污染等。老人在离退休后,应积极参加社会活动,广交朋友,培养兴趣,从事力所能及的脑力和体力活动,尽量与子女生活在一起,不脱离家庭,不脱离社会。
改善家庭环境
家庭设施应便于老人生活、活动和富有生活情趣。家庭和睦温暖,使病人体会到家人对他的关心和支持。家人应鼓励病人树立战胜疾病的信心,避免一切不良刺激。
加强功能训练,培养生活自理能力
人的大脑和躯体的功能都是用则进,不用则退。对轻度痴呆的老人,要鼓励其自己料理生活,如买菜做饭、收拾房间、清理个人卫生;鼓励其参加社会活动,安排一定时间看报、看电视,使他(她)与周围环境有一定接触,培养对生活的兴趣,活跃情绪,以分散病态思维,减缓精神衰退。对中、重度痴呆老人,家属要花一定时间帮助和训练他(她),如梳洗、进食、叠衣被、如厕,并要求其按时起床;带领他(她)干些家务活,如擦桌子、扫地;晚饭后可让他(她)看一会儿电视。坚持一段时间后,有些患者生活基本可以自理。
鼓励活动,保障睡眠。可根据病人平时爱好,鼓励其多活动,但活动量不宜过大,外出活动时要有人陪伴,以防撞车、撞人、跌倒或与人发生争执。每天应保证有6至8小时的睡眠,夏天尽量午睡。
帮助料理患者的日常生活
痴呆老人在卫生、饮食、大小便、起居等日常生活方面自理能力差,需要家属督促或协助。安排其合理而有规律的生活,要求他(她)按时起床、就寝和进餐,使之生活接近正常规律。
维持良好的个人卫生习惯,可减少感染的机会。个人卫生包括皮肤、头发、指甲、口腔等的卫生。要求早晚刷牙、洗脸,勤剪指甲,定期洗头、洗澡,勤换内衣、被褥。给予卫生指导,采取措施制止不卫生行为,如随地大小便、捡地上东西吃等。根据天气变化及时添减衣被,居室常开窗换气,常晒被褥。长期卧床者要定时翻身、拍背,预防褥疮。对病情较重的病人,要协助料理生活,注意营养饮食、衣着冷暖和个人卫生。
白天尽量进行一些有益于身心健康的活动,如养花、养鱼、画画、散步、打太极拳、编织等,另外,也可读报、听广播、选择性看一些娱乐性节目(忌看恐怖、惊险及伤感的节目),使病人充分感受到生活的乐趣,保持轻松、愉快的心情。
病人往往有睡眠障碍,要为病人创造入睡条件,周围环境要安静,入睡前用温水洗脚,不要进行刺激性谈话或观看刺激性电视等,不要让老人饮酒、吸烟、喝浓茶、咖啡,以免影响睡眠质量。对严重失眠者可给予药物辅助入睡,夜间病人不要单独居住,以免发生意外。
锻炼患者的认知能力,努力恢复其生活能力
家人或照顾者陪伴患者外出时,多与病人交流,并让其认路、认家门。加强患者的思维、记忆、计算能力等训练。有言语障碍者进行口语锻练和训练。通过交谈,使其言语、思维等能力得到训练。
饮食护理
一日三餐应定量、定时,尽量保持病人平时的饮食习惯。老年痴呆患者多数因缺乏食欲而少食甚至拒食,造成营养不良。要给他们选择营养丰富、清淡宜口的食品,荤素搭配,食物温度适中,无刺、无骨,易于消化。保证其吃饱吃好,对吞咽困难者应指导其缓慢进食,不可催促,以防噎呛。对少数食欲亢进、暴饮暴食者,要适当限制食量,以防止其因消化吸收不良而出现呕吐、腹泻。
安全10注意
对中、重度痴呆患者要事事留意其安全。①不要让患者单独外出,以免迷路、走失,衣袋中最好放一张写有病人姓名、地址、联系电话的卡片或布条,如万一走失,便于寻找。②老人的日常生活用品,放在其看得见、找得到的地方。③行走时应有人扶持或关照,以防跌倒。对居住在高层楼房的痴呆老人,更应防止其不慎坠楼。④妥善保管家里的危险物品,减少室内物品位置的变动,保障病人安全。⑤家里的药品、化学日用品、热水瓶、电源、刀剪等危险品应放在安全、不容易碰撞的地方,防止患者自杀或者意外事故发生。⑥睡床要低,必要时可加栅栏。⑦病人所服药品要代为妥善保管,送服到口,看服下肚。⑧洗澡时注意不要烫伤。⑨不要让患者单独承担家务,以免发生煤气中毒、火灾等意外。⑩最好时时处处不离人,随时有人陪护。 (6)特回答贵公司某月某日函所叙述有关事项等入党申请书
1. I have the pleasure of stating, in answer to your FFXI Gil inquiry of the 4th inst, that
2. In reply to your letter of the 5th of May, I have to inform you that (of)
3. I hasten to answer your inquiry of the l5th May, by Lineage 2 Adena stating that
4. We are in receipt of yours of the 5th June, in reply to which we are pleased to state that
5. In reply to yours of the l0th May, relative to..., I would say Anarchy Online Credits that
6. I am in receipt of your favour of the 7th May, and in response I inform you that (of)
7. In response to your letter of l0th May, I wish to say that City of Heroes Influence
8. In answer to your favour of the 5th May regarding... I wow gold reply as follows:
9. Answering your letter of the 8th of February re..., I would say EverQuest Platinum that
10. In reply to your letter of February 8th, I inform you that Everquest 2 Gold (of)
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(7)非常遗憾,我们奉告您关于,等。
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2. We are sorry to have to draw your attention to
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4. We regret to advise you that
5. We very much regret to announce you that Second Life Linden
6. It is most regrettable that we have to inform you that (of)
7. It is with our greatest regret that we must inform you that SWG Credits (of)
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11. It is with regret and reluctance that we have to inform you that Eq2 Gold (of)
12. It gives us a deep sorrow that we have to announce you that
13. It causes me much sorrow to have to say that FFXI Gil
14. I feel sorry for having to announce wow gold you that
15. I express my sorrow for announcing you that
膳食平衡和心理健康,有助于预防或减缓痴呆的发生
多数老年痴呆病人说不出明显的发病日期,可见其是缓慢发生的疾病。因此远离导致痴呆的各种危险因素就显得十分重要,如不良的生活方式和饮食习惯、情绪抑郁、环境污染等。老人在离退休后,应积极参加社会活动,广交朋友,培养兴趣,从事力所能及的脑力和体力活动,尽量与子女生活在一起,不脱离家庭,不脱离社会。
改善家庭环境
家庭设施应便于老人生活、活动和富有生活情趣。家庭和睦温暖,使病人体会到家人对他的关心和支持。家人应鼓励病人树立战胜疾病的信心,避免一切不良刺激。
加强功能训练,培养生活自理能力
人的大脑和躯体的功能都是用则进,不用则退。对轻度痴呆的老人,要鼓励其自己料理生活,如买菜做饭、收拾房间、清理个人卫生;鼓励其参加社会活动,安排一定时间看报、看电视,使他(她)与周围环境有一定接触,培养对生活的兴趣,活跃情绪,以分散病态思维,减缓精神衰退。对中、重度痴呆老人,家属要花一定时间帮助和训练他(她),如梳洗、进食、叠衣被、如厕,并要求其按时起床;带领他(她)干些家务活,如擦桌子、扫地;晚饭后可让他(她)看一会儿电视。坚持一段时间后,有些患者生活基本可以自理。
鼓励活动,保障睡眠。可根据病人平时爱好,鼓励其多活动,但活动量不宜过大,外出活动时要有人陪伴,以防撞车、撞人、跌倒或与人发生争执。每天应保证有6至8小时的睡眠,夏天尽量午睡。
帮助料理患者的日常生活
痴呆老人在卫生、饮食、大小便、起居等日常生活方面自理能力差,需要家属督促或协助。安排其合理而有规律的生活,要求他(她)按时起床、就寝和进餐,使之生活接近正常规律。
维持良好的个人卫生习惯,可减少感染的机会。个人卫生包括皮肤、头发、指甲、口腔等的卫生。要求早晚刷牙、洗脸,勤剪指甲,定期洗头、洗澡,勤换内衣、被褥。给予卫生指导,采取措施制止不卫生行为,如随地大小便、捡地上东西吃等。根据天气变化及时添减衣被,居室常开窗换气,常晒被褥。长期卧床者要定时翻身、拍背,预防褥疮。对病情较重的病人,要协助料理生活,注意营养饮食、衣着冷暖和个人卫生。
白天尽量进行一些有益于身心健康的活动,如养花、养鱼、画画、散步、打太极拳、编织等,另外,也可读报、听广播、选择性看一些娱乐性节目(忌看恐怖、惊险及伤感的节目),使病人充分感受到生活的乐趣,保持轻松、愉快的心情。
病人往往有睡眠障碍,要为病人创造入睡条件,周围环境要安静,入睡前用温水洗脚,不要进行刺激性谈话或观看刺激性电视等,不要让老人饮酒、吸烟、喝浓茶、咖啡,以免影响睡眠质量。对严重失眠者可给予药物辅助入睡,夜间病人不要单独居住,以免发生意外。
锻炼患者的认知能力,努力恢复其生活能力
家人或照顾者陪伴患者外出时,多与病人交流,并让其认路、认家门。加强患者的思维、记忆、计算能力等训练。有言语障碍者进行口语锻练和训练。通过交谈,使其言语、思维等能力得到训练。
饮食护理
一日三餐应定量、定时,尽量保持病人平时的饮食习惯。老年痴呆患者多数因缺乏食欲而少食甚至拒食,造成营养不良。要给他们选择营养丰富、清淡宜口的食品,荤素搭配,食物温度适中,无刺、无骨,易于消化。保证其吃饱吃好,对吞咽困难者应指导其缓慢进食,不可催促,以防噎呛。对少数食欲亢进、暴饮暴食者,要适当限制食量,以防止其因消化吸收不良而出现呕吐、腹泻。
安全10注意
对中、重度痴呆患者要事事留意其安全。①不要让患者单独外出,以免迷路、走失,衣袋中最好放一张写有病人姓名、地址、联系电话的卡片或布条,如万一走失,便于寻找。②老人的日常生活用品,放在其看得见、找得到的地方。③行走时应有人扶持或关照,以防跌倒。对居住在高层楼房的痴呆老人,更应防止其不慎坠楼。④妥善保管家里的危险物品,减少室内物品位置的变动,保障病人安全。⑤家里的药品、化学日用品、热水瓶、电源、刀剪等危险品应放在安全、不容易碰撞的地方,防止患者自杀或者意外事故发生。⑥睡床要低,必要时可加栅栏。⑦病人所服药品要代为妥善保管,送服到口,看服下肚。⑧洗澡时注意不要烫伤。⑨不要让患者单独承担家务,以免发生煤气中毒、火灾等意外。⑩最好时时处处不离人,随时有人陪护。 (6)特回答贵公司某月某日函所叙述有关事项等入党申请书
1. I have the pleasure of stating, in answer to your FFXI Gil inquiry of the 4th inst, that
2. In reply to your letter of the 5th of May, I have to inform you that (of)
3. I hasten to answer your inquiry of the l5th May, by Lineage 2 Adena stating that
4. We are in receipt of yours of the 5th June, in reply to which we are pleased to state that
5. In reply to yours of the l0th May, relative to..., I would say Anarchy Online Credits that
6. I am in receipt of your favour of the 7th May, and in response I inform you that (of)
7. In response to your letter of l0th May, I wish to say that City of Heroes Influence
8. In answer to your favour of the 5th May regarding... I wow gold reply as follows:
9. Answering your letter of the 8th of February re..., I would say EverQuest Platinum that
10. In reply to your letter of February 8th, I inform you that Everquest 2 Gold (of)
11. Replying to yours of the 8th of February regarding..., I would say that
12. Replying to your favour under date of February 8th re..., I say wow power leveling that
(7)非常遗憾,我们奉告您关于,等。
l. We regret to inform you that Eve Online Isk (of)
2. We are sorry to have to draw your attention to
3. We regret to have to say that RF Online Dalant
4. We regret to advise you that
5. We very much regret to announce you that Second Life Linden
6. It is most regrettable that we have to inform you that (of)
7. It is with our greatest regret that we must inform you that SWG Credits (of)
8. To our greatest regret we must herewith inform you that (of)
9. It is a matter for regret that I have to inform you thatPower leveling (of)
10. It is to be regretted that I must inform you that world of warcraft gold (of)
11. It is with regret and reluctance that we have to inform you that Eq2 Gold (of)
12. It gives us a deep sorrow that we have to announce you that
13. It causes me much sorrow to have to say that FFXI Gil
14. I feel sorry for having to announce wow gold you that
15. I express my sorrow for announcing you that
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