apache+tomcat整合，实现负载均衡
时间：2007-03-27 来源：bleach
一、安装apache
a、下载最新源文件httpd-2.2.3.tar.gz。
wget http://apache.mirrors.hoobly.com/httpd/httpd-2.2.3.tar.gz b、编译 apache
gunzip httpd-2.2.3.tar.gz
tar xvf httpd-2.2.3.tar
cd httpd-2.2.3
./configure --prefix=/home/apache --enable-so --with-mpm=worker
make
make install c、简单配置：编辑httpd.conf，
把#ServerName www.example.com:80项中ServerName前的#号去掉，把xxxxx改成自己的机器全名，212中修改如下
#ServerName www.example.com:80改成ServerName 127.0.0.1 d、启动Apache： #cd /home/apache/bin
#./apachectl start
e、测试Apache是否已经正确运行：http://202.202.202.15 二、安装tomcat
把主体资源的tomcat拷为/home/tomcat/tomcat11目录
cd /home/tomcat
tar cvf ../tool/tomcat.tar tomcat5 --exclude tomcat5/webapps --exclude tomcat5/work
cd /home/tool
tar xvf tomcat.tar
mv tomcat5 ../tomcat/tomcat11 修改tomcat的文件目录，将/home/tomcat/tomcat11/conf/server.xml
appBase="webapps"修改为
appBase="/home/tomcat/tomcat5/webapps"
修改tomcat的端口
tomcat1/conf/server.xml
<Server debug="0" port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">改为
<Server debug="0" port="11001" shutdown="SHUTDOWN"> <Connector URIEncoding="GBK" acceptCount="100" connectionTimeout="20000" debug="0" disableUploadTimeout="true" enableLookups="false" maxSpareThreads="75" maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25" port="8082" redirectPort="8443"/>改为
<Connector URIEncoding="GBK" acceptCount="100" connectionTimeout="20000" debug="0" disableUploadTimeout="true" enableLookups="false" maxSpareThreads="75" maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25" port="11002" redirectPort="8443"/> <Connector debug="0" enableLookups="false" port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443"/>改为
<Connector debug="0" enableLookups="false" port="11003" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443"/>
cp -fR /home/tomcat/tomcat11 /home/tomcat/tomcat12
cp -fR /home/tomcat/tomcat11 /home/tomcat/tomcat13
cp -fR /home/tomcat/tomcat11 /home/tomcat/tomcat14 将相关端口修改为12001、12002和12003，13001、13002和13003，14001、14002和14003;将标识修改为tomcat12,tomcat13,tomcat14 f、启动tomcat：
#cd /home/tomcat/tomcat11/bin
#./startup.sh
#cd /home/tomcat/tomcat12/bin
#./startup.sh
#cd /home/tomcat/tomcat13/bin
#./startup.sh
#cd /home/tomcat/tomcat14/bin
#./startup.sh g、测试tomcat是否已经正确运行：
http://202.202.202.15:11002
http://202.202.202.15:12002
http://202.202.202.15:13002
http://202.202.202.15:14002
三、apache + 2tomcat的负载均衡
a、下载tomcat-connectors的源代码，编译，生成/home/apache/modules/mod_jk.so文件
wget http://mirrors.ccs.neu.edu/Apache/dist/tomcat/tomcat-connectors/jk/source/jk-1.2.19/tomcat-connectors-1.2.19-src.tar.gz gzip -d tomcat-connectors-1.2.19-src.tar.gz
tar xvf tomcat-connectors-1.2.19-src.tar
cd tomcat-connectors-1.2.19-src
cd native
./configure --with-apxs=/home/apache/bin/apxs
make
make install b、修改httpd.conf配置
编辑Apache的配置文件Apache安装目录的conf/httpd.conf 把DocumentRoot "/mnt/sdd1/yanfa/vcmresource/apache/htdocs"改成
DocumentRoot "/home/tomcat/tomcat5/webapps/ROOT" 把<Directory "/mnt/sdd1/yanfa/vcmresource/apache/htdocs">改成
<Directory "/home/tomcat/tomcat5/webapps/ROOT"> 把
<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.html
</IfModule>
改为
<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.jsp index.html
</IfModule> 取消以下注释
#EnableMMAP off
#EnableSendfile off
改为
EnableMMAP off
EnableSendfile off #Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf
改为
Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf #Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf
改为
Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf 加入以下内容
# Jk connectors
Include conf/mod_jk.conf
修改conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf配置
# worker MPM
<IfModule mpm_worker_module>
StartServers 2
MaxClients 150
MinSpareThreads 25
MaxSpareThreads 75
ThreadsPerChild 25
MaxRequestsPerChild 0
</IfModule>
改为
# worker MPM
<IfModule mpm_worker_module>
StartServers 5
ServerLimit 60
MaxClients 3000
MinSpareThreads 25
MaxSpareThreads 75
ThreadsPerChild 50
MaxRequestsPerChild 0
</IfModule>
d、在conf目录下创建mod_jk.conf文件，内容如下： --------------------------------------mod_jk.conf------------------------------------------
# Load mod_jk module
LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so
# Where to find workers.properties
JkWorkersFile conf/workers.properties
# Where to put jk logs
JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log
# Set the jk log level [debug/error/info]
JkLogLevel warn
# Select the log format
# JkLogStampFormat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y] "
# JkOptions indicate to send SSL KEY SIZE,
# JkOptions +ForwardKeySize +ForwardURICompat -ForwardDirectories
# JkRequestLogFormat set the request format
# JkRequestLogFormat "%w %V %T" # Send JSPs for context / to worker named loadBalancer
#JkMount /*.jsp loadBalancer
#JkMount /*.do* loadBalancer
JkMountFile conf/urimap.properties --------------------------------------------mod_jk.conf------------------------------------
在conf目录下创建urimap.properties文件，内容如下：
/*=loadBalancer
!/*.gif=loadBalancer
!/*.jpg=loadBalancer
!/*.png=loadBalancer
!/*.css=loadBalancer
!/*.js=loadBalancer
!/*.htm=loadBalancer
!/*.html=loadBalancer
!/*.mid=loadBalancer
!/*.jpeg=loadBalancer
!/*.txt=loadBalancer
!/*.mp3=loadBalancer
!/*.swf=loadBalancer
!/*.wmv=loadBalancer
!/*.zip=loadBalancer
!/*.rar=loadBalancer
!/*.pl=loadBalancer
e、在 conf目录下创建workers.properties文件，该文件将告诉apache 每个负载均衡的tomcat
服务的运行参数，如机器名和端口号等。
-----------------------------------------workers.properties-------------------------------
#
# workers.properties
# # list the workers by name worker.list=loadBalancer # ------------------------
# First tomcat server
# ------------------------
worker.tomcat11.port=11003
worker.tomcat11.host=202.202.202.15
worker.tomcat11.type=ajp13 # Specify the size of the open connection cache.
# worker.tomcat11.cachesize=1000 #
# Specifies the load balance factor when used with
# a load balancing worker.
# Note:
# ----> lbfactor must be > 0
# ----> Low lbfactor means less work done by the worker.
worker.tomcat11.lbfactor=10
# ------------------------
# Second tomcat server
# ------------------------
worker.tomcat12.port=12003
worker.tomcat12.host=202.202.202.15
worker.tomcat12.type=ajp13 # Specify the size of the open connection cache.
# worker.tomcat12.cachesize=1000 #
# Specifies the load balance factor when used with
# a load balancing worker.
# Note:
# ----> lbfactor must be > 0
# ----> Low lbfactor means less work done by the worker.
worker.tomcat12.lbfactor=10
# ------------------------
# Third tomcat server
# ------------------------
worker.tomcat13.port=13003
worker.tomcat13.host=202.202.202.15
worker.tomcat13.type=ajp13 # Specify the size of the open connection cache.
# worker.tomcat13.cachesize=1000 #
# Specifies the load balance factor when used with
# a load balancing worker.
# Note:
# ----> lbfactor must be > 0
# ----> Low lbfactor means less work done by the worker.
worker.tomcat13.lbfactor=10
# ------------------------
# Fourth tomcat server
# ------------------------
worker.tomcat14.port=14003
worker.tomcat14.host=202.202.202.15
worker.tomcat14.type=ajp13 # Specify the size of the open connection cache.
# worker.tomcat14.cachesize=1000 #
# Specifies the load balance factor when used with
# a load balancing worker.
# Note:
# ----> lbfactor must be > 0
# ----> Low lbfactor means less work done by the worker.
worker.tomcat14.lbfactor=10
# ------------------------
# Load Balancer worker
# ------------------------ #
# The loadbalancer (type lb) worker performs weighted round-robin
# load balancing with sticky sessions.
# Note:
# ----> If a worker dies, the load balancer will check its state
# once in a while. Until then all work is redirected to peer
# worker.
worker.loadBalancer.type=lb
worker.loadBalancer.balance_workers=tomcat11,tomcat12,tomcat13,tomcat14
worker.loadBalancer.method=B #
# END workers.properties
f、配置Tomcat 服务器
修改conf/server.xml文件：
在tomcat1目录的conf/server.xml，在第128行, 替换:
<Engine debug="0" defaultHost="localhost" name="Catalina">为:
<Engine debug="0" defaultHost="localhost" name="Catalina" jvmRoute="tomcat11"> 在tomcat2目录的conf/server.xml，替换为 jvmRoute="tomcat2".
<Engine debug="0" defaultHost="localhost" name="Catalina">为:
<Engine debug="0" defaultHost="localhost" name="Catalina" jvmRoute="tomcat12"> 在tomcat3目录的conf/server.xml，替换为 jvmRoute="tomcat3".
<Engine debug="0" defaultHost="localhost" name="Catalina">为:
<Engine debug="0" defaultHost="localhost" name="Catalina" jvmRoute="tomcat13"> 在tomcat4目录的conf/server.xml，替换为 jvmRoute="tomcat4".
<Engine debug="0" defaultHost="localhost" name="Catalina">为:
<Engine debug="0" defaultHost="localhost" name="Catalina" jvmRoute="tomcat14"> 注意，一定是替换这一行，而包含在原来的engine里面的host不做更改。有的文档写的是在配置中加入一行
<Engine jvmRoute="tomcat1" name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" debug="0"><Engine>,其实是不对的，这样负载均衡是没有问题的，但是不能做session绑定了，也就是说同一用户会在两台服务器上跳来跳去。这是由于jvmRoute不正确引起的，所以一定要替换。而且这个jvmRoute一定要跟workers.properties中的名称完全匹配，否则也不能实现session绑定.
g、配置session亲和、监测各个tomcat的状态
vi /home/apache/conf/workers.properties
加入
worker.loadBalancer.sticky_session=1
修改
worker.list=loadBalancer为
worker.list=loadBalancer,status
加入
worker.status.type=status vi /home/apache/conf/mod_jk.conf
加入
JkMount /resource-tomcat-status status 重启apache，可在http://202.202.202.15/jkstatus监测各个tomcat的情况
（status实际上mod_jk自带的一个应用，目的是观察每个tomcat的状态，并可以在运行时设置每个tomcat的某些参数） 如需用户/密码验证才能监测状态，配置如下
/home/apache/bin/htpasswd -c /home/apache/conf/jk_passwd vcmedu vi /home/apache/conf/mod_jk.conf
去掉以下项
JkMount /jkstatus status
加如下面内容
<Location /resource-tomcat-status>
JkMount status
Order deny,allow
AuthType Basic
AuthName "jkstatus"
AuthUserFile conf/jk_passwd
require valid-user
</Location>
a、下载最新源文件httpd-2.2.3.tar.gz。
wget http://apache.mirrors.hoobly.com/httpd/httpd-2.2.3.tar.gz b、编译 apache
gunzip httpd-2.2.3.tar.gz
tar xvf httpd-2.2.3.tar
cd httpd-2.2.3
./configure --prefix=/home/apache --enable-so --with-mpm=worker
make
make install c、简单配置：编辑httpd.conf，
把#ServerName www.example.com:80项中ServerName前的#号去掉，把xxxxx改成自己的机器全名，212中修改如下
#ServerName www.example.com:80改成ServerName 127.0.0.1 d、启动Apache： #cd /home/apache/bin
#./apachectl start
e、测试Apache是否已经正确运行：http://202.202.202.15 二、安装tomcat
把主体资源的tomcat拷为/home/tomcat/tomcat11目录
cd /home/tomcat
tar cvf ../tool/tomcat.tar tomcat5 --exclude tomcat5/webapps --exclude tomcat5/work
cd /home/tool
tar xvf tomcat.tar
mv tomcat5 ../tomcat/tomcat11 修改tomcat的文件目录，将/home/tomcat/tomcat11/conf/server.xml
appBase="webapps"修改为
appBase="/home/tomcat/tomcat5/webapps"
修改tomcat的端口
tomcat1/conf/server.xml
<Server debug="0" port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">改为
<Server debug="0" port="11001" shutdown="SHUTDOWN"> <Connector URIEncoding="GBK" acceptCount="100" connectionTimeout="20000" debug="0" disableUploadTimeout="true" enableLookups="false" maxSpareThreads="75" maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25" port="8082" redirectPort="8443"/>改为
<Connector URIEncoding="GBK" acceptCount="100" connectionTimeout="20000" debug="0" disableUploadTimeout="true" enableLookups="false" maxSpareThreads="75" maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25" port="11002" redirectPort="8443"/> <Connector debug="0" enableLookups="false" port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443"/>改为
<Connector debug="0" enableLookups="false" port="11003" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443"/>
cp -fR /home/tomcat/tomcat11 /home/tomcat/tomcat12
cp -fR /home/tomcat/tomcat11 /home/tomcat/tomcat13
cp -fR /home/tomcat/tomcat11 /home/tomcat/tomcat14 将相关端口修改为12001、12002和12003，13001、13002和13003，14001、14002和14003;将标识修改为tomcat12,tomcat13,tomcat14 f、启动tomcat：
#cd /home/tomcat/tomcat11/bin
#./startup.sh
#cd /home/tomcat/tomcat12/bin
#./startup.sh
#cd /home/tomcat/tomcat13/bin
#./startup.sh
#cd /home/tomcat/tomcat14/bin
#./startup.sh g、测试tomcat是否已经正确运行：
http://202.202.202.15:11002
http://202.202.202.15:12002
http://202.202.202.15:13002
http://202.202.202.15:14002
三、apache + 2tomcat的负载均衡
a、下载tomcat-connectors的源代码，编译，生成/home/apache/modules/mod_jk.so文件
wget http://mirrors.ccs.neu.edu/Apache/dist/tomcat/tomcat-connectors/jk/source/jk-1.2.19/tomcat-connectors-1.2.19-src.tar.gz gzip -d tomcat-connectors-1.2.19-src.tar.gz
tar xvf tomcat-connectors-1.2.19-src.tar
cd tomcat-connectors-1.2.19-src
cd native
./configure --with-apxs=/home/apache/bin/apxs
make
make install b、修改httpd.conf配置
编辑Apache的配置文件Apache安装目录的conf/httpd.conf 把DocumentRoot "/mnt/sdd1/yanfa/vcmresource/apache/htdocs"改成
DocumentRoot "/home/tomcat/tomcat5/webapps/ROOT" 把<Directory "/mnt/sdd1/yanfa/vcmresource/apache/htdocs">改成
<Directory "/home/tomcat/tomcat5/webapps/ROOT"> 把
<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.html
</IfModule>
改为
<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.jsp index.html
</IfModule> 取消以下注释
#EnableMMAP off
#EnableSendfile off
改为
EnableMMAP off
EnableSendfile off #Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf
改为
Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf #Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf
改为
Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf 加入以下内容
# Jk connectors
Include conf/mod_jk.conf
修改conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf配置
# worker MPM
<IfModule mpm_worker_module>
StartServers 2
MaxClients 150
MinSpareThreads 25
MaxSpareThreads 75
ThreadsPerChild 25
MaxRequestsPerChild 0
</IfModule>
改为
# worker MPM
<IfModule mpm_worker_module>
StartServers 5
ServerLimit 60
MaxClients 3000
MinSpareThreads 25
MaxSpareThreads 75
ThreadsPerChild 50
MaxRequestsPerChild 0
</IfModule>
d、在conf目录下创建mod_jk.conf文件，内容如下： --------------------------------------mod_jk.conf------------------------------------------
# Load mod_jk module
LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so
# Where to find workers.properties
JkWorkersFile conf/workers.properties
# Where to put jk logs
JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log
# Set the jk log level [debug/error/info]
JkLogLevel warn
# Select the log format
# JkLogStampFormat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y] "
# JkOptions indicate to send SSL KEY SIZE,
# JkOptions +ForwardKeySize +ForwardURICompat -ForwardDirectories
# JkRequestLogFormat set the request format
# JkRequestLogFormat "%w %V %T" # Send JSPs for context / to worker named loadBalancer
#JkMount /*.jsp loadBalancer
#JkMount /*.do* loadBalancer
JkMountFile conf/urimap.properties --------------------------------------------mod_jk.conf------------------------------------
在conf目录下创建urimap.properties文件，内容如下：
/*=loadBalancer
!/*.gif=loadBalancer
!/*.jpg=loadBalancer
!/*.png=loadBalancer
!/*.css=loadBalancer
!/*.js=loadBalancer
!/*.htm=loadBalancer
!/*.html=loadBalancer
!/*.mid=loadBalancer
!/*.jpeg=loadBalancer
!/*.txt=loadBalancer
!/*.mp3=loadBalancer
!/*.swf=loadBalancer
!/*.wmv=loadBalancer
!/*.zip=loadBalancer
!/*.rar=loadBalancer
!/*.pl=loadBalancer
e、在 conf目录下创建workers.properties文件，该文件将告诉apache 每个负载均衡的tomcat
服务的运行参数，如机器名和端口号等。
-----------------------------------------workers.properties-------------------------------
#
# workers.properties
# # list the workers by name worker.list=loadBalancer # ------------------------
# First tomcat server
# ------------------------
worker.tomcat11.port=11003
worker.tomcat11.host=202.202.202.15
worker.tomcat11.type=ajp13 # Specify the size of the open connection cache.
# worker.tomcat11.cachesize=1000 #
# Specifies the load balance factor when used with
# a load balancing worker.
# Note:
# ----> lbfactor must be > 0
# ----> Low lbfactor means less work done by the worker.
worker.tomcat11.lbfactor=10
# ------------------------
# Second tomcat server
# ------------------------
worker.tomcat12.port=12003
worker.tomcat12.host=202.202.202.15
worker.tomcat12.type=ajp13 # Specify the size of the open connection cache.
# worker.tomcat12.cachesize=1000 #
# Specifies the load balance factor when used with
# a load balancing worker.
# Note:
# ----> lbfactor must be > 0
# ----> Low lbfactor means less work done by the worker.
worker.tomcat12.lbfactor=10
# ------------------------
# Third tomcat server
# ------------------------
worker.tomcat13.port=13003
worker.tomcat13.host=202.202.202.15
worker.tomcat13.type=ajp13 # Specify the size of the open connection cache.
# worker.tomcat13.cachesize=1000 #
# Specifies the load balance factor when used with
# a load balancing worker.
# Note:
# ----> lbfactor must be > 0
# ----> Low lbfactor means less work done by the worker.
worker.tomcat13.lbfactor=10
# ------------------------
# Fourth tomcat server
# ------------------------
worker.tomcat14.port=14003
worker.tomcat14.host=202.202.202.15
worker.tomcat14.type=ajp13 # Specify the size of the open connection cache.
# worker.tomcat14.cachesize=1000 #
# Specifies the load balance factor when used with
# a load balancing worker.
# Note:
# ----> lbfactor must be > 0
# ----> Low lbfactor means less work done by the worker.
worker.tomcat14.lbfactor=10
# ------------------------
# Load Balancer worker
# ------------------------ #
# The loadbalancer (type lb) worker performs weighted round-robin
# load balancing with sticky sessions.
# Note:
# ----> If a worker dies, the load balancer will check its state
# once in a while. Until then all work is redirected to peer
# worker.
worker.loadBalancer.type=lb
worker.loadBalancer.balance_workers=tomcat11,tomcat12,tomcat13,tomcat14
worker.loadBalancer.method=B #
# END workers.properties
f、配置Tomcat 服务器
修改conf/server.xml文件：
在tomcat1目录的conf/server.xml，在第128行, 替换:
<Engine debug="0" defaultHost="localhost" name="Catalina">为:
<Engine debug="0" defaultHost="localhost" name="Catalina" jvmRoute="tomcat11"> 在tomcat2目录的conf/server.xml，替换为 jvmRoute="tomcat2".
<Engine debug="0" defaultHost="localhost" name="Catalina">为:
<Engine debug="0" defaultHost="localhost" name="Catalina" jvmRoute="tomcat12"> 在tomcat3目录的conf/server.xml，替换为 jvmRoute="tomcat3".
<Engine debug="0" defaultHost="localhost" name="Catalina">为:
<Engine debug="0" defaultHost="localhost" name="Catalina" jvmRoute="tomcat13"> 在tomcat4目录的conf/server.xml，替换为 jvmRoute="tomcat4".
<Engine debug="0" defaultHost="localhost" name="Catalina">为:
<Engine debug="0" defaultHost="localhost" name="Catalina" jvmRoute="tomcat14"> 注意，一定是替换这一行，而包含在原来的engine里面的host不做更改。有的文档写的是在配置中加入一行
<Engine jvmRoute="tomcat1" name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" debug="0"><Engine>,其实是不对的，这样负载均衡是没有问题的，但是不能做session绑定了，也就是说同一用户会在两台服务器上跳来跳去。这是由于jvmRoute不正确引起的，所以一定要替换。而且这个jvmRoute一定要跟workers.properties中的名称完全匹配，否则也不能实现session绑定.
g、配置session亲和、监测各个tomcat的状态
vi /home/apache/conf/workers.properties
加入
worker.loadBalancer.sticky_session=1
修改
worker.list=loadBalancer为
worker.list=loadBalancer,status
加入
worker.status.type=status vi /home/apache/conf/mod_jk.conf
加入
JkMount /resource-tomcat-status status 重启apache，可在http://202.202.202.15/jkstatus监测各个tomcat的情况
（status实际上mod_jk自带的一个应用，目的是观察每个tomcat的状态，并可以在运行时设置每个tomcat的某些参数） 如需用户/密码验证才能监测状态，配置如下
/home/apache/bin/htpasswd -c /home/apache/conf/jk_passwd vcmedu vi /home/apache/conf/mod_jk.conf
去掉以下项
JkMount /jkstatus status
加如下面内容
<Location /resource-tomcat-status>
JkMount status
Order deny,allow
AuthType Basic
AuthName "jkstatus"
AuthUserFile conf/jk_passwd
require valid-user
</Location>
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