GNU 核心工具（学习Linux的最佳入口）

 supplied with this package are:

• chgrp - Changes file group ownership.
• chown - Changes file ownership.
• chmod - Changes file permissions.
• cp - Copies files.
• dd - Copies and converts a file.
• df - Shows disk free space on filesystems.
• dir - Gives a brief directory listing.
• dircolors - Setup program for the color output of GNU ls.
• du - Shows disk usage on filesystems.
• install - Copies file and sets its permissions.
• ln - Creates file links.
• ls - Lists directory contents.
• mkdir - Creates directories.
• mkfifo - Creates FIFOs (named pipes).
• mknod - Creates special files.
• mv - Moves files.
• rm - Removes (deletes) files.
• rmdir - Removes empty directories.
• shred - Destroy data in files.
• sync - Synchronizes filesystem buffers and disk.
• touch - Changes file timestamps.
• vdir - Long directory listing.

Online Manual

The manual is available in the info system of the GNU Operating System. Use info to access the top level info page. Use info File to access the File Utilities section directly.

Web versions of the manual for these utilities is available at http://www.gnu.org/software/fileutils/doc/manual/html/fileutils.html.

Shellutils:

supplied with this package are:

• [ - Check file types and compare values
• basename - Removes the path prefix from a given pathname.
• chroot - Changes the root directory.
• date - Prints/sets the system date and time.
• dirname - Removes the last level or filename from a given pathname.
• echo - Prints a line of text.
• env - Displays/modifies the environment.
• expr - Evaluates expressions.
• factor - Prints prime factors.
• false - Returns an unsuccessful exit status.
• groups - Print the groups that the user is a member of.
• hostid - Print the numeric identifier for the current host
• hostname - Print or set the machine name.
• id - Print real/effective uid/gid.
• logname - Print current login name.
• nice - Modify scheduling priority.
• nohup - Allows a command to continue running after logging out.
• pathchk - Check file name portability.
• pinky - Lightweight finger
• printenv - Prints environment variables.
• printf - Formats and prints data.
• pwd - Print the current working directory.
• seq - Print numeric sequences.
• sleep - Suspends execution for a specified time.
• stty - Print/change terminal settings.
• su - Allows you to adopt the id of another user or superuser.
• tee - Sends output to multiple files.
• test - Evaluates an expression.
• true - Returns a successful exit status.
• tty - Print terminal name.
• uname - Print system information.
• users - Print current user names.
• who - Print a list of all users currently logged in.
• whoami - Print effective user id.
• yes - Print a string repeatedly.

Online Manual

The manual is available in the info system of the GNU Operating System. Use info to access the top level info page. Use info Shell to access the Shell Utilities section directly.

Frequently Asked Questions

Please check the FAQ for the core utilities for answers to your most frequently asked questions. This FAQ contains answers to questions asked on the mailing lists and newsgroups.

Downloading

The latest version of fileutils is now included in the coreutils package. Please refer to the coreutils page for downloading information.

Textutils:

supplied with this package are:

• cat - concatenate files and print to the standard output
• cksum - checksum and count the bytes in a file
• comm - compare two sorted files line by line
• csplit - split a file into sections determined by context lines
• cut - remove sections from each line of files
• expand - convert tabs to spaces
• fmt - simple optimal text formatter
• fold - wrap each input line to fit in specified width
• join - join lines of two files on a common field
• md5sum - compute and check MD5 message digest
• nl - number lines of files
• od - dump files in octal and other formats
• paste - merge lines of files
• pr - convert text files for printing
• ptx - produce a permuted index of file contents
• sort - sort lines of text files
• split - split a file into pieces
• sum - checksum and count the blocks in a file
• tac - concatenate and print files in reverse
• tail - output the last part of files
• tr - translate or delete characters
• tsort - perform topological sort
• unexpand - convert spaces to tabs
• uniq - remove duplicate lines from a sorted file
• wc - print the number of bytes, words, and lines in files
• head - output the first part of files

Online Manual

The manual is available in the info system of the GNU Operating System. Use info to access the top level info page. Use info Text to access the Text Utilities section directly.

Please see http://www.gnu.org/manual/ for a list of manuals available from the GNU Project. Please see http://www.gnu.org/software/textutils/manual/textutils/textutils.html for the 4.2 manual.

学习Linux可以从这些命令入手，是一个最佳的方法。