The C Library Reference Guide

Introduction 1. Language 1.1 Characters 1.1.1 Trigraph Characters 1.1.2 Escape Sequences 1.1.3 Comments 1.2 Identifiers 1.2.1 Keywords 1.2.2 Variables 1.2.3 Enumerated Tags 1.2.4 Arrays 1.2.5 Structures and Unions 1.2.6 Constants 1.2.7 Strings 1.2.8 sizeof Keyword 1.3 Functions 1.3.1 Definition 1.3.2 Program Startup 1.4 References 1.4.1 Pointers and the Address Operator 1.4.2 Typecasting 1.5 Operators 1.5.1 Postfix 1.5.2 Unary and Prefix 1.5.3 Normal 1.5.4 Boolean 1.5.5 Assignment 1.5.6 Precedence 1.6 Statements 1.6.1 if 1.6.2 switch 1.6.3 while 1.6.4 do 1.6.5 for 1.6.6 goto 1.6.7 continue 1.6.8 break 1.6.9 return 1.7 Preprocessing Directives 1.7.1 #if, #elif, #else, #endif 1.7.2 #define, #undef, #ifdef, #ifndef 1.7.3 #include 1.7.4 #line 1.7.5 #error 1.7.6 #pragma 1.7.7 Predefined Macros 2. Library 2.1 assert.h 2.1.1 assert 2.2 ctype.h 2.2.1 is... Functions 2.2.2 to... Functions 2.3 errno.h 2.3.1 EDOM 2.3.2 ERANGE 2.3.3 errno 2.4 float.h 2.4.1 Defined Values 2.5 limits.h 2.5.1 Defined Values 2.6 locale.h 2.6.1 Variables and Definitions 2.6.2 setlocale 2.6.3 localeconv 2.7 math.h 2.7.1 Error Conditions 2.7.2 Trigonometric Functions 2.7.2.1 acos 2.7.2.2 asin 2.7.2.3 atan 2.7.2.4 atan2 2.7.2.5 cos 2.7.2.6 cosh 2.7.2.7 sin 2.7.2.8 sinh 2.7.2.9 tan 2.7.2.10 tanh 2.7.3 Exponential, Logarithmic, and Power Functions 2.7.3.1 exp 2.7.3.2 frexp 2.7.3.3 ldexp 2.7.3.4 log 2.7.3.5 log10 2.7.3.6 modf 2.7.3.7 pow 2.7.3.8 sqrt 2.7.4 Other Math Functions 2.7.4.1 ceil 2.7.4.2 fabs 2.7.4.3 floor 2.7.4.4 fmod 2.8 setjmp.h 2.8.1 Variables and Definitions 2.8.2 setjmp 2.8.3 longjmp 2.9 signal.h 2.9.1 Variables and Definitions 2.9.2 signal 2.9.3 raise 2.10 stdarg.h 2.10.1 Variables and Definitions 2.10.2 va_start 2.10.3 va_arg 2.10.4 va_end 2.11 stddef.h 2.11.1 Variables and Definitions 2.12 stdio.h 2.12.1 Variables and Definitions 2.12.2 Streams and Files 2.12.3 File Functions 2.12.3.1 clearerr 2.12.3.2 fclose 2.12.3.3 feof 2.12.3.4 ferror 2.12.3.5 fflush 2.12.3.6 fgetpos 2.12.3.7 fopen 2.12.3.8 fread 2.12.3.9 freopen 2.12.3.10 fseek 2.12.3.11 fsetpos 2.12.3.12 ftell 2.12.3.13 fwrite 2.12.3.14 remove 2.12.3.15 rename 2.12.3.16 rewind 2.12.3.17 setbuf 2.12.3.18 setvbuf 2.12.3.19 tmpfile 2.12.3.20 tmpnam 2.12.4 Formatted I/O Functions 2.12.4.1 ...printf Functions 2.12.4.2 ...scanf Functions 2.12.5 Character I/O Functions 2.12.5.1 fgetc 2.12.5.2 fgets 2.12.5.3 fputc 2.12.5.4 fputs 2.12.5.5 getc 2.12.5.6 getchar 2.12.5.7 gets 2.12.5.8 putc 2.12.5.9 putchar 2.12.5.10 puts 2.12.5.11 ungetc 2.12.7 Error Functions 2.12.7.1 perror 2.13 stdlib.h 2.13.1 Variables and Definitions 2.13.2 String Functions 2.13.2.1 atof 2.13.2.2 atoi 2.13.2.3 atol 2.13.2.4 strtod 2.13.2.5 strtol 2.13.2.6 strtoul 2.13.3 Memory Functions 2.13.3.1 calloc 2.13.3.2 free 2.13.3.3 malloc 2.13.3.4 realloc 2.13.4 Environment Functions 2.13.4.1 abort 2.13.4.2 atexit 2.13.4.3 exit 2.13.4.4 getenv 2.13.4.5 system 2.13.5 Searching and Sorting Functions 2.13.5.1 bsearch 2.13.5.2 qsort 2.13.6 Math Functions 2.13.6.1 abs 2.13.6.2 div 2.13.6.3 labs 2.13.6.4 ldiv 2.13.6.5 rand 2.13.6.6 srand 2.13.7 Multibyte Functions 2.13.7.1 mblen 2.13.7.2 mbstowcs 2.13.7.3 mbtowc 2.13.7.4 wcstombs 2.13.7.5 wctomb 2.14 string.h 2.14.1 Variables and Definitions 2.14.2 memchr 2.14.3 memcmp 2.14.4 memcpy 2.14.5 memmove 2.14.6 memset 2.14.7 strcat 2.14.8 strncat 2.14.9 strchr 2.14.10 strcmp 2.14.11 strncmp 2.14.12 strcoll 2.14.13 strcpy 2.14.14 strncpy 2.14.15 strcspn 2.14.16 strerror 2.14.17 strlen 2.14.18 strpbrk 2.14.19 strrchr 2.14.20 strspn 2.14.21 strstr 2.14.22 strtok 2.14.23 strxfrm 2.15 time.h 2.15.1 Variables and Definitions 2.15.2 asctime 2.15.3 clock 2.15.4 ctime 2.15.5 difftime 2.15.6 gmtime 2.15.7 localtime 2.15.8 mktime 2.15.9 strftime 2.15.10 time Appendix A ASCII Chart Index Index