mysql copry install-binary 翻译

注：所有的翻译都在生词后一个括号内，

2.8 Installing MySQL on Other Unix-Like Systems
===============================================

This section(会话) covers the installation of MySQL binary distributions(文件） that
are provided for various(不同的) platforms（平台） in the form of （以。。的形式）compressed （被压缩）`tar'files (files with a `.tar.gz' extension). See *Note mysql-binaries::,
for a detailed list.

To obtain MySQL, see *Note getting-mysql::.

MySQL `tar' file binary(二进制) distributions have names of the form
`mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz', where `VERSION' is a number (for example,
`5.0.25'), and OS indicates the type of operating system for which the
distribution is intended (for example, `pc-linux-i686').

In addition to these generic packages, we also offer binaries in
platform-specific package formats for selected platforms. See *Note
quick-standard-installation::, for more information on how to install
these.

You need the following tools to install a MySQL `tar' file binary
distribution:

   * GNU `gunzip' to uncompress the distribution.

   * A reasonable `tar' to unpack the distribution. GNU `tar' is known
     to work.  Some operating systems come with a pre-installed version
     of `tar' that is known to have problems. For example, Mac OS X
     `tar' and Sun `tar' are known to have problems with long
     filenames. On Mac OS X, you can use the pre-installed (预安装)`gnutar'
     program. On other systems with a deficient `tar', you should
     install GNU `tar' first.

If you run into problems and need to file a bug report, please use the
instructions in *Note bug-reports::.

The basic commands that you must execute to install and use a MySQL
binary distribution are:

     shell> groupadd mysql
     shell> useradd -g mysql mysql
     shell> cd /usr/local
     shell> gunzip < /PATH/TO/MYSQL-VERSION-OS.tar.gz | tar xvf -
     shell> ln -s FULL-PATH-TO-MYSQL-VERSION-OS mysql
     shell> cd mysql
     shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
     shell> chown -R root  .
     shell> chown -R mysql data
     shell> chgrp -R mysql .
     shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

*Note*: This procedure(程序) does not set up any passwords for MySQL
accounts(帐户). After following the procedure, proceed to *Note
post-installation::.

A more detailed(详细) version of the preceding（前述） description for installing a
binary distribution follows:

  1. :添加用户

Add a login user and group for `mysqld' to run as

          shell> groupadd mysql
          shell> useradd -g mysql mysql

     These commands add the `mysql' group and the `mysql' user. The
     syntax(语法) for `useradd' and `groupadd' may differ slightly on
     different versions of Unix, or they may have different names such
     as `adduser' and `addgroup'.

     You might want to call the user and group something else(别的东西) instead
     of `mysql'. If so(假如这样的话), substitute(代替品) the appropriate(适当的) name in the
     following steps.

  2. [2—4]解压

Pick the directory under which you want to unpack(解压) the distribution
     and change location into it. In the following example, we unpack
     the distribution under `/usr/local'. (The instructions说明书, therefore,因此
     assume假定 that you have permission许可 to create files and directories in
     `/usr/local'. If that directory is protected（保护）, you must perform执行 the
     installation as `root'.)

          shell> cd /usr/local

  3. Obtain a distribution file using the instructions in *Note
     getting-mysql::. For a given release, binary distributions for all
     platforms are built from the same MySQL source distribution.

  4. Unpack the distribution, which creates the installation directory.
     Then create a symbolic link to that directory:

          shell> gunzip < /PATH/TO/MYSQL-VERSION-OS.tar.gz | tar xvf -
          shell> ln -s FULL-PATH-TO-MYSQL-VERSION-OS mysql

     The `tar' command creates a directory named `mysql-VERSION-OS'.
     The `ln' command makes a symbolic link to that directory. This
     lets you refer more easily to the installation directory as
     `/usr/local/mysql'.

     With GNU `tar', no separate invocation of `gunzip' is necessary.
     You can replace the first line with the following alternative
     command to uncompress and extract the distribution:

          shell> tar zxvf /PATH/TO/MYSQL-VERSION-OS.tar.gz

  5. 注意事项

Change location into the installation directory:

          shell> cd mysql

     You will find several files and subdirectories in the `mysql'
     directory. The most important for installation purposes are the
     `bin' and `scripts' subdirectories子目录:

        * The `bin' directory contains client programs and the server.
          You should add the full pathname of this directory to your
          `PATH' environment variable (环境变量)so that your shell finds the MySQL
          programs properly. See *Note environment-variables::.

        * The `scripts' directory contains the `mysql_install_db'
          script used to initialize初始化 the `mysql' database containing the
          grant tables that store the server access permissions许可数据.

  6.新建许可列表

 If you have not installed MySQL before, you must create the MySQL
     grant tables：许可列表

          shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

     If you run the command as `root', you must use the `--user' option
     as shown. The value of the option should be the name of the login
     account that you created in the first step to use for running the
     server. If you run the command while logged in as that user, you
     can omit the `--user' option.

     After creating or updating the grant tables, you need to restart
     the server manually.手动

  7. 更改目录和文件所有权

Change the ownership所有权 of program binaries 二进制程序to `root' and ownership
     of the data directory数据目录 to the user that you run `mysqld' as.
     Assuming that you are located in the installation directory
     (`/usr/local/mysql'), the commands look like this:

          shell> chown -R root  .
          shell> chown -R mysql data
          shell> chgrp -R mysql .

     The first command changes the owner attribute of the files to the
     `root' user. The second changes the owner attribute of the data
     directory to the `mysql' user. The third changes the group
     attribute to the `mysql' group.

  8.设置自启动

If you want MySQL to start automatically when you boot your
     machine, you can copy `support-files/mysql.server' to the location
     where your system has its startup files. More information can be
     found in the `support-files/mysql.server' script itself and in
     *Note automatic-start::.

  9. You can set up new accounts using the `bin/mysql_setpermission'
     script if you install the `DBI' and `DBD::mysql' Perl modules. For
     instructions, see *Note perl-support::.

 10.应该是设置环境变量

 If you would like to use `mysqlaccess' and have the MySQL
     distribution in some non-standard location, you must change the
     location where `mysqlaccess' expects期待 to find the `mysql' client.
     Edit the `bin/mysqlaccess' script at approximately line 18. Search
     for a line that looks like this:

          $MYSQL     = '/usr/local/bin/mysql';    # path to mysql executable

     Change the path to reflect the location where `mysql' actually is
     stored on your system. If you do not do this, a `Broken pipe' error
     will occur when you run `mysqlaccess'.

After everything has been unpacked and installed, you should test your
distribution. To start the MySQL server, use the following command:

     shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

If that command fails immediately and prints `mysqld ended', you can
find some information in the `HOST_NAME.err' file in the data directory.

More information about `mysqld_safe' is given in *Note mysqld-safe::.

*Note*: The accounts that are listed in the MySQL grant tables
initially have no passwords.  After starting the server, you should set
up passwords for them using the instructions in *Note
post-installation::.