查看BIOS 提供的硬件信息工具: dmidecode

时间：2006-12-30 来源：oychw

下载地址:
http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/dmidecode/
http://download.chinaunix.net/download/0003000/2304.shtml

在本地保存路径:
1,10.50.44.89:/mnt/sda1/software/linux/other/dmidecode
2,172.19.148.202:/home/software/dmidecode

安装:
解压:
[root@sz-ms-meil-linux dmidecode]# tar -xzvf dmidecode-2.8.tar.gz
dmidecode-2.8/
dmidecode-2.8/man/
dmidecode-2.8/man/biosdecode.8
dmidecode-2.8/man/dmidecode.8
dmidecode-2.8/man/ownership.8
dmidecode-2.8/man/vpddecode.8
dmidecode-2.8/AUTHORS
dmidecode-2.8/CHANGELOG
dmidecode-2.8/LICENSE
dmidecode-2.8/Makefile
dmidecode-2.8/README
dmidecode-2.8/biosdecode.c
dmidecode-2.8/config.h
dmidecode-2.8/dmidecode.c
dmidecode-2.8/dmidecode.h
dmidecode-2.8/dmiopt.c
dmidecode-2.8/dmiopt.h
dmidecode-2.8/ownership.c
dmidecode-2.8/types.h
dmidecode-2.8/util.c
dmidecode-2.8/util.h
dmidecode-2.8/version.h
dmidecode-2.8/vpddecode.c
dmidecode-2.8/vpdopt.c
dmidecode-2.8/vpdopt.h

可以看到文件如下:
# ll
total 460
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root         1147 Dec 30 10:23 AUTHORS
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root        12336 Dec 30 10:23 biosdecode
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root        13754 Dec 30 10:23 biosdecode.c
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root         8368 Dec 30 10:23 biosdecode.o
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root        30647 Dec 30 10:23 CHANGELOG
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root          226 Dec 30 10:23 config.h
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root        56364 Dec 30 10:23 dmidecode
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root        88653 Dec 30 10:23 dmidecode.c
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root          991 Dec 30 10:23 dmidecode.h
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root        65572 Dec 30 10:23 dmidecode.o
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root         7738 Dec 30 10:23 dmiopt.c
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root         1369 Dec 30 10:23 dmiopt.h
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root         6740 Dec 30 10:23 dmiopt.o
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root        18009 Dec 30 10:23 LICENSE
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root         3228 Dec 30 10:23 Makefile
drwxr-xr-x    2 root     root         4096 Dec 30 10:23 man
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         7734 Dec 30 10:23 ownership
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root         4584 Dec 30 10:23 ownership.c
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root         2684 Dec 30 10:23 ownership.o
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root         6546 Dec 30 10:23 README
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root         1628 Dec 30 10:23 types.h
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root         3464 Dec 30 10:23 util.c
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root          147 Dec 30 10:23 util.h
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root         1616 Dec 30 10:23 util.o
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root           22 Dec 30 10:23 version.h
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root        13822 Dec 30 10:23 vpddecode
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root        12295 Dec 30 10:23 vpddecode.c
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root         7972 Dec 30 10:23 vpddecode.o
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root         3882 Dec 30 10:23 vpdopt.c
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root         1338 Dec 30 10:23 vpdopt.h
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root         3828 Dec 30 10:23 vpdopt.o

对于这样有Makefile的文件,直接install:
[root@sz-ms-meil-linux dmidecode-2.8]# make install
install -m 755 -d /usr/local/sbin
install -m 755 dmidecode /usr/local/sbin
install -m 755 biosdecode /usr/local/sbin
install -m 755 ownership /usr/local/sbin
install -m 755 vpddecode /usr/local/sbin
install -m 755 -d /usr/local/share/man/man8
install -m 644 man/dmidecode.8 /usr/local/share/man/man8
install -m 644 man/biosdecode.8 /usr/local/share/man/man8
install -m 644 man/ownership.8 /usr/local/share/man/man8
install -m 644 man/vpddecode.8 /usr/local/share/man/man8
install -m 755 -d /usr/local/share/doc/dmidecode
install -m 644 README /usr/local/share/doc/dmidecode
install -m 644 CHANGELOG /usr/local/share/doc/dmidecode
install -m 644 AUTHORS /usr/local/share/doc/dmidecode
[root@sz-ms-meil-linux dmidecode-2.8]#

可以看到上面有四个可执行文件分别是：dmidecode、biosdecode、ownership、v pddecode。我们最常用的是前两个命令。用dmidecode可以显示非常详细的硬件信息(包括bios、cpu、内存等信息)。

Presentation

Dmidecode reports information about your system's hardware as described in your system BIOS according to the SMBIOS/DMI standard (see a sample output). This information typically includes system manufacturer, model name, serial number, BIOS version, asset tag as well as a lot of other details of varying level of interest and reliability depending on the manufacturer. This will often include usage status for the CPU sockets, expansion slots (e.g. AGP, PCI, ISA) and memory module slots, and the list of I/O ports (e.g. serial, parallel, USB).

Part of the dmidecode code can be found in the Linux kernel, where DMI data is used to enable or disable specific portions of code depending on the specific hardware. Thus, one use of dmidecode is for kernel developers to detect system "signatures" and add them to the kernel source code when needed.

Beware that DMI data have proven to be too unreliable to be blindly trusted. Dmidecode does not scan your hardware, it only reports what the BIOS told it to.

Three additional tools come with dmidecode:

biosdecode prints all BIOS related information it can find
ownership retrieves the "ownership tag" that can be set on Compaq computers;
vpddecode prints the "vital product data" information that can be found in almost all IBM computers (see a sample output).

[root@sz-ms-meil-linux dmidecode-2.8]# biosdecode

# biosdecode 2.8

SYSID present.

Revision: 0

Structure Table Address: 0x000F0411

Number Of Structures: 1

SMBIOS 2.3 present.

Structure Table Length: 2245 bytes

Structure Table Address: 0x000F0450

Number Of Structures: 69

Maximum Structure Size: 234 bytes

PNP BIOS 1.0 present.