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php爱好者> php文档>ubuntu下实用东西

ubuntu下实用东西

时间：2006-11-02 来源：0217

1.修改源并升级到最新的系统:

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

在编辑器里,删除所有东西,并在加上下面的行:
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu dapper-propssed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu-cn dapper main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu dapper main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.org.cn/ubuntu-cn/ dapper main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/ubuntu-cn/ dapper main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ dapper main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ dapper-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ dapper-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ dapper-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ dapper-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu-cn/ dapper main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://mirror.net9.org/ubuntu/ dapper main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.net9.org/ubuntu/ dapper-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.net9.org/ubuntu/ dapper-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.net9.org/ubuntu/ dapper-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.net9.org/ubuntu/ dapper-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.net9.org/ubuntu-cn/ dapper main multiverse restricted universe

系统升级(如果出现需要输入[Y/n] 或 [y/N] 一律输入 y 并回车):

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

2.设置本地local环境

sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales

确保 zh_CN.UTF-8 被选择，同时也默认local为 zh_CN.UTF-8
设置语言环境变量：export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
安装中文语言支持:

sudo apt-get install language-pack-zh language-pack-zh-base language-support-zh

3.用xp带的字体来进行中文美化:

拷贝3个字体文件(simsun.ttc SURSONG.TTF tahoma.ttf)到/usr/share/fonts/zh_CN/TrueType/ 目录
更新linux字体列表,命令:

sudo fc-cache /usr/share/fonts/zh_CN/TrueType/

修改/etc/fonts/fonts.conf的字体渲染顺序:

sudo gedit /etc/fonts/fonts.conf

查找

<family>Bitstream Vera Serif</family>

改为

                <family>Tahoma</family>
                <family>SimSun</family>
                <family>Simsun</family>

                <family>Bitstream Vera Serif</family>

查找

<family>Bitstream Vera Sans</family>

改为

                <family>Tahoma</family>
                <family>SimSun</family>
                <family>Simsun</family>

                <family>Bitstream Vera Sans</family>

查找

<family>Bitstream Vera Sans Mono</family>

改为

                <family>Bitstream Vera Sans Mono</family>
                <family>NSimSun</family>
                <family>SimSun</family>

                <family>Simsun</family>

4.安装SCIM输入法

sudo apt-get install scim scim-gtk2-immodule scim-modules-socket scim-modules-table scim-pinyin scim-tables-zh scim-input-pad
sudo sh -c " echo 'export XMODIFIERS=@im=SCIM ; export GTK_IM_MODULE="scim" ; scim -d ' > /etc/X11/Xsession.d/95xinput "
sudo chmod +755 /etc/X11/Xsession.d/95xinput

5.设置LC_ALL和其它属性:

sudo gedit /etc/environment

在编辑器里，将内容修改如下:
LANGUAGE="zh_CN:zh:en_US:en"
LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8
LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
GST_ID3_TAG_ENCODING=GBK
保存，关闭编辑器

6.多媒体播放器、英汉辞典安装

sudo apt-get install beep-media-player totem-xine w32codecs gstreamer0.8-plugins
sudo apt-get install flashplugin-nonfree
sudo apt-get install stardict stardict-common stardict-cdict-gb stardict-cedict-gb stardict-hanzim stardict-langdao-ce-gb stardict-langdao-ec-gb stardict-oxford-gb stardict-xdict-ce-gb stardict-xdict-ec-gb

7.升级内核

1.查看本机内核版本号：

uname -r 如：2.6.15-27-386

则显示结果为：2.6.15-27-386

2.查看是否已安装内核文件：

dpkg -l | grep header

3.查找所有可下载的内核版本：

apt-cache search linux-header

安照uname -r命令的结果，升极本机的内核如：2.6.15-27-386

4.安装适合本机的内核：

sudo apt-get install linux-2.6.15-27-386

8.VMware安装

下载 VMware 5

wget -c http://xxxxxxx/VMware-workstation-5.0.0-13124.tar.gz

安装 VMware 的需要包

sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install linux-headers-`uname -r`

安装 VMware

tar zxvf VMware-workstation-5.0.0-13124.tar.gz
cd vmware-distrib
sudo ./vmware-install.p

记得要先注册再用～～查看vmware-distrib目录下的sn.txt文档

9.安装NVIDIA显卡的驱动程序

sudo apt-get install nvidia-glx
sudo apt-get install nvidia-settings
sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup
sudo nvidia-glx-config enable

取消 GNOME 启动时显示的 NVIDIA 图形 LOGO

sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

# 搜寻这一段文字

...
Section "Device"
  Identifier "NVIDIA Corporation NV11 [GeForce2 MX/MX 400]"
  Driver "nvidia"
  BusID "PCI:1:0:0"
...

在这下面新增下面这一行

Option "NoLogo"

保存编辑过的文件

10.手动挂载硬盘及Windows分区

hdparm -d1 -c3 -m16 -X69 /dev/hda
hdparm -d1 -c3 -m16 -X69 /dev/hdb

mount /dev/hda5 /windows/hda5 -t vfat -o utf8,umask=000

转载：http://www.rainbowsoft.org/blog/post/278.asp

10.安装LumaQQ

wget -c http://download.ubuntu.org.cn/software/lumaqq_2005-linux_gtk2_x86_no_jre.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf lumaqq_2005-linux_gtk2_x86_no_jre.tar.gz -C /opt/
wget -c http://download.ubuntu.org.cn/software/lumaqq_2005_patch_2006.02.02.15.00.zip
sudo unzip -o lumaqq_2005_patch_2006.02.02.15.00.zip -d /opt/LumaQQ/lib
sudo chown -R root:root /opt/LumaQQ/
sudo chmod -R 755 /opt/LumaQQ/
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/LumaQQ.desktop

为lumaqq添加启动项：
[Desktop Entry]
Name=LumaQQ
Comment=QQ Client
Exec=/opt/LumaQQ/lumaqq
Icon=/opt/LumaQQ/QQ.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;