什么是smartd, 怎么使用它?

时间：2006-09-19 来源：anima

什么是smartd, 怎么使用它?
（http://www.redhat.com.cn/kbase/3642.php）

解决方法:

smartd是一个守护进程（一个帮助程序），它能监视拥有自我监视，分析和汇报技术(Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology - SMART)的硬盘。

SMART系统使得硬盘能监视并汇报自己的运行状况。它的一个重要特性是能够预测失败，使得系统管理员能避免数据丢失。

smartd由kernel-utils包缺省安装。用命令 rpm -ql kernel-utils 可以列出kernel-utils包中的文件。

smartd守护进程通常在系统启动的时候被开启，它的配置文件是/etc/smartd.conf。

比如，假设有两个硬盘被安装，/dev/hda和/dev/hdb。一个是CD_ROM设备，另一个是硬盘。为了检测它们是否支持SMART，使用命令 smartctl -i /dev/hda 和 smartctl -i /dev/hdb：

 
# /usr/sbin/smartctl -i /dev/hda
smartctl version 5.1-11 Copyright (C) 2002-3 Bruce Allen
Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model: ST380011A
Serial Number: 3JVB672N
Firmware Version: 8.01
Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is: 6
ATA Standard is: ATA/ATAPI-6 T13 1410D revision 2
Local Time is: Fri Aug 20 14:09:16 2004 EST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

”SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.“这行说明支持SMART。"SMART support is: Enabled”这行说明SMART已经被打开。

CD-ROM设备和旧式的硬盘不支持SMART，这可以从smartctl -i /dev/hdb的输出看出：

# /usr/sbin/smartctl -i /dev/hdb
smartctl version 5.1-11 Copyright (C) 2002-3 Bruce Allen
Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model: LTN526D
Serial Number: [No Information Found]
Firmware Version: 9S03
Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is: 1
ATA Standard is: Exact ATA specification draft version not indicated
Local Time is: Fri Aug 20 14:24:43 2004 EST
SMART is only available in ATA Version 3 Revision 3 or greater.
We will try to proceed in spite of this.
SMART support is: Unavailable - device lacks SMART capability.
A mandatory SMART command has failed: exiting. To continue, use the -T
 option to set the tolerance level to 'permissive'

注意有些硬盘控制器不支持SMART。比如有些硬件RAID控制器不支持，或者不会传递SMART信息，即使加入的硬盘支持SMART。

可以修改/etc/smartctl.conf（注：应是 /etc/smart.conf ？）文件，使得smartd只监视你想监视的设备。假设只有/dev/hda需要被监视，在该设备上如果有警告信息发生，需要把它发给根用户，那么/etc/smartd.conf需要这样修改：

 
# /etc/smartd.conf

# Sample configuration file for smartd. See man 5 smartd.conf.
# Home page is: http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net
...
# A very silent check. Only report SMART health status if it fails
# But send an email in this case
/dev/hda -a -m [email protected] ...

编辑完/etc/smartd.conf，重启该守护进程：

 
# /sbin/service smartd restart
Shutting down smartd: [FAILED]
Starting smartd: [ OK ]

要设置smartd在系统启动时候被激活，在根用户下用 chkconfig smartd on 命令。

/etc/smartd.conf文件写的很好，有很多例子可以参考。

关于Linux smartmon工具的更多信息，可以在 http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net 找到。关于SMART的常用信息，可以在 http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/#references 找到。

[root@anima lwg]# /usr/sbin/smartctl -i /dev/hda
smartctl version 5.33 [i386-redhat-linux-gnu] Copyright (C) 2002-4 Bruce Allen
Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model:     Maxtor 6Y080L0
Serial Number:    Y2NCM7GE
Firmware Version: YAR41BW0
User Capacity:    81,964,302,336 bytes
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   7
ATA Standard is: ATA/ATAPI-7 T13 1532D revision 0
Local Time is:    Tue Sep 19 15:06:58 2006 CST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

[root@anima lwg]# /usr/sbin/smartctl -i /dev/hdc
smartctl version 5.33 [i386-redhat-linux-gnu] Copyright (C) 2002-4 Bruce Allen
Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model:     ATAPI-CD ROM-DRIVE-52MAX
Serial Number:    [No Information Found]
Firmware Version: Ver 52E4
Device is:        Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is:   1
ATA Standard is: Exact ATA specification draft version not indicated
Local Time is:    Tue Sep 19 15:07:04 2006 CST
SMART is only available in ATA Version 3 Revision 3 or greater.
We will try to proceed in spite of this.
SMART support is: Unavailable - Packet Interface Devices [this device: CD/DVD] don't support ATA SMART
A mandatory SMART command failed: exiting. To continue, add one or more '-T permissive' options.
[root@anima lwg]# /usr/sbin/smartctl -i /dev/hdd
smartctl version 5.33 [i386-redhat-linux-gnu] Copyright (C) 2002-4 Bruce Allen
Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model:     Maxtor 6Y060L0
Serial Number:    Y2N48WXE
Firmware Version: YAR41BW0
User Capacity:    61,492,838,400 bytes
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   7
ATA Standard is: ATA/ATAPI-7 T13 1532D revision 0
Local Time is:    Tue Sep 19 15:07:07 2006 CST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

[root@anima lwg]# /etc/init.d/smartd restart
Shutting down smartd:                                      [FAILED]
Starting smartd:                                           [FAILED]

[root@anima lwg]# cat /etc/smartd.conf
/dev/hda -H -m [email protected]
/dev/hdb -H -m [email protected]

[root@anima lwg]# cp /etc/smartd.conf /etc/smartd.conf.bak

[root@anima lwg]# vim /etc/smartd.conf
#修改了监视设备，并设置在相应设备上如果有警告信息发生，需要把它发给根用户。
#下列两行注释是原文内容：
#/dev/hda -H -m [email protected]
#/dev/hdb -H -m [email protected]
/dev/hda -a -m [email protected]
/dev/hdd -a -m [email protected]
[root@anima lwg]#

[root@anima lwg]# /etc/init.d/smartd restart
Shutting down smartd: [FAILED]
Starting smartd: [ OK ]
[root@anima lwg]#

[root@anima lwg]# /usr/sbin/smartd --help
smartd version 5.33 [i386-redhat-linux-gnu] Copyright (C) 2002-4 Bruce Allen
Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/

Usage: smartd [options]

-c NAME|-, --configfile=NAME|-
        Read configuration file NAME or stdin [default is /etc/smartd.conf]

-d, --debug
        Start smartd in debug mode

-D, --showdirectives
        Print the configuration file Directives and exit

-h, --help, --usage
        Display this help and exit

-i N, --interval=N
        Set interval between disk checks to N seconds, where N >= 10

-l local[0-7], --logfacility=local[0-7]
        Use syslog facility local0 - local7 or daemon [default]

-p NAME, --pidfile=NAME
        Write PID file NAME

-q WHEN, --quit=WHEN
        Quit on one of: nodev, errors, nodevstartup, never, onecheck

-r, --report=TYPE
        Report transactions for one of: ioctl[,N], ataioctl[,N], scsiioctl[,N]

-V, --version, --license, --copyright
        Print License, Copyright, and version information

[root@anima lwg]# /usr/sbin/smartctl --help
smartctl version 5.33 [i386-redhat-linux-gnu] Copyright (C) 2002-4 Bruce Allen
Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/

Usage: smartctl [options] device

============================================ SHOW INFORMATION OPTIONS =====

-h, --help, --usage
         Display this help and exit

-V, --version, --copyright, --license
         Print license, copyright, and version information and exit

-i, --info
         Show identity information for device

-a, --all
         Show all SMART information for device

================================== SMARTCTL RUN-TIME BEHAVIOR OPTIONS =====

-q TYPE, --quietmode=TYPE                                           (ATA)
         Set smartctl quiet mode to one of: errorsonly, silent

-d TYPE, --device=TYPE
         Specify device type to one of: ata, scsi, marvell, 3ware,N

-T TYPE, --tolerance=TYPE                                           (ATA)
         Tolerance: normal, conservative, permissive, verypermissive

-b TYPE, --badsum=TYPE                                              (ATA)
         Set action on bad checksum to one of: warn, exit, ignore

-r TYPE, --report=TYPE
         Report transactions (see man page)

============================== DEVICE FEATURE ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS =====

-s VALUE, --smart=VALUE
        Enable/disable SMART on device (on/off)

-o VALUE, --offlineauto=VALUE                                       (ATA)
        Enable/disable automatic offline testing on device (on/off)

-S VALUE, --saveauto=VALUE                                          (ATA)
        Enable/disable Attribute autosave on device (on/off)

======================================= READ AND DISPLAY DATA OPTIONS =====

-H, --health
        Show device SMART health status

-c, --capabilities                                                  (ATA)
        Show device SMART capabilities

-A, --attributes
        Show device SMART vendor-specific Attributes and values

-l TYPE, --log=TYPE
        Show device log. TYPE: error, selftest, selective, directory

-v N,OPTION , --vendorattribute=N,OPTION                            (ATA)
        Set display OPTION for vendor Attribute N (see man page)

-F TYPE, --firmwarebug=TYPE                                         (ATA)
        Use firmware bug workaround: none, samsung, samsung2

-P TYPE, --presets=TYPE                                             (ATA)
        Drive-specific presets: use, ignore, show, showall

============================================ DEVICE SELF-TEST OPTIONS =====

-t TEST, --test=TEST
        Run test. TEST is: offline short long conveyance select,M-N pending,N afterselect,on afterselect,off

-C, --captive
        Do test in captive mode (along with -t)

-X, --abort
        Abort any non-captive test on device

=================================================== SMARTCTL EXAMPLES =====

smartctl -a /dev/hda                       (Prints all SMART information)

smartctl --smart=on --offlineauto=on --saveauto=on /dev/hda
                                              (Enables SMART on first disk)

smartctl -t long /dev/hda              (Executes extended disk self-test)

smartctl --attributes --log=selftest --quietmode=errorsonly /dev/hda
                                      (Prints Self-Test & Attribute errors)
smartctl -a --device=3ware,2 /dev/sda
          (Prints all SMART info for 3rd ATA disk on 3ware RAID controller)
[root@anima lwg]#