主流服务器UNIX操作系统比较

时间：2005-05-11 来源：lych

主流服務器UNIX操作系統比較（之九）設備管理相關
主流服務器UNIX操作系統比較（之八）其它命令
主流服務器UNIX操作系統比較（之七）安裝與卸載
主流服務器UNIX操作系統比較（之六）磁盤與邏輯卷命令比較
主流服務器UNIX操作系統比較（之五）系統文件比較
主流服務器UNIX操作系統比較（之四）打印機、TCP/IP相關設置
主流服務器UNIX操作系統比較（之三）常用命令
主流服務器UNIX操作系統比較（之二）用戶帳號的設置
主流服務器UNIX操作系統比較（之一）目錄結構對比

主流服務器UNIX操作系統比較（之十）技術支持信息

主流服務器UNIX操作系統比較（之一）目錄結構對比

本文出自:http://www.yesky.com 作者: stone (2002-04-09 06:02:00)

Directory Mappings	AIX	FreeBSD	HP-UX
Root filesystem	/ {/dev/hd4}	/ {/dev/ad0s1a}	/ {/dev/vg00/lvol1}
Home Directory	/home {/dev/hd1}		/home {/dev/vg00/lvol4}
	/tmp {/dev/hd3}		/tmp {/dev/vg00/lvol6}
	/usr {/dev/hd2}	/usr {/dev/ad0s1f}	/usr {/dev/vg00/lvol7}
	/var {/dev/hd9var}	/var {/dev/ad0s1e}	/var {/dev/vg00/lvol8}
Sample configuration files	-		/usr/newconfig

Directory Mappings	LINUX(RedHat)	SOLARIS	Tru64
Root filesystem	/ {/dev/sda1}	/ {/dev/vx/dsk/rootvol}	/ {/dev/rz0a}
Home Directory		/export/home /dev/vx/dsk/home}
		/tmp /dev/vx/dsk/swapvol}
		/usr	/usr {/dev/rz0g}
		/var
Sample configuration files

主流服務器UNIX操作系統比較（之二）用戶帳號的設置

本文出自:http://www.yesky.com 作者: stone (2002-04-09 08:02:00)

用戶賬號設置相關	AIX	FreeBSD	HP-UX
密碼文件	/etc/passwd /etc/security/passwd	/etc/passwd /etc/master.passwd	/etc/passwd /tcb/files/auth/r/root
組文件	/etc/group /etc/security/group	/etc/group	/etc/group /etc/logingroup
允許的最大用戶ID	4294967295	65535	2147483647
允許遠程登錄的用戶文件設置	/etc/security/user {rlogin=true}	/etc/ttys {secure}	/etc/securetty {console}
用戶“nobody”的用戶ID	4294967294	65534	-2
“nobody”組的ID號	4294967294	65534	-2(nogroup)
找回ROOT密碼	boot from CD/Tape Installation/Maintenance Start Limited Shell getrootfs hdisk0 vi /etc/security/passwd	ok boot -s passwd root	>boot Interact with IPL ? Y ISL>hpux -iS passwd root
創建新用戶	mkuser	adduser	useradd
刪除用戶	rmuser	rmuser	userdel
列出用戶	lsuser -f ALL		logins
修改用戶帳號	chuser -a		usermod

用戶賬號設置相關	LINUX(RedHat)	Solaris	Tru64
密碼文件	/etc/passwd /etc/shadow	/etc/passwd /etc/shadow	/etc/passwd
組文件	/etc/group	/etc/group	/etc/group
允許的最大用戶ID	65535	2147483647	65535
允許遠程登錄的用戶文件設置	/etc/securetty {ttyp1}	/etc/default/login {CONSOLE=/dev/console}	/etc/securettys {ttyp1}
用戶“nobody”的用戶ID	99	60001 & 65534(nobody4)	65534
“nobody”組的ID號	99	60002 & 65534(nogroup)	65534
找回ROOT密碼	{lilo} control-x linux S passwd root {grub} c kernel vmlinuz-2.4.9-13 single ro root=/dev/hda8 initrd /initrd-2.4.9-13.img boot passwd root	boot cdrom -s mkdir /tmp/a mount /dev/c0t0d0s0 /tmp/a vi /tmp/a/etc/shadow	press the HALT Button or (Control-P) >>>boot -fl s lsmbstartup /sbin/bcheckrc passwd root
創建新用戶	useradd	useradd	useradd
刪除用戶	userdel	userdel	userdel
列出用戶		logins
修改用戶帳號	usermod	usermod	usermod

主流服務器UNIX操作系統比較（之三）常用命令

本文出自:http://www.yesky.com 作者: stone (2002-04-10 06:02:00)

General Commands	AIX	FreeBSD	HP-UX
Unique host ID	hostid		uname -i
Administrator	smit		sam
Performance monitor	top monitor	top	top glance
System activity reporter	sar	sa	sar
Virtual Memory statistics	vmstat	vmstat	vmstat
I/O statistics	iostat	iostat	iostat
Error logs	alog -o -t boot errpt	dmesg	dmesg
Physical RAM	1M TB		4TB
Shared Memory	64K TB		8TB
Process Data Space	384K TB		4TB
Swap device	/dev/hd6	/dev/ad0s1b	/dev/vg00/lvol2
Swap file type	/etc/swapspaces	swap	swap
Display swap size	lsps -a	swapinfo	swapinfo -a
Activate Swap	swapon -a	swapon -a	swapon -a

General Commands	LINUX(RedHat)	Solaris	Tru64
Unique host ID	hostid	hostid	hostid
Administrator	linuxconf	admintool
Performance monitor	top	top	top
System activity reporter		sar
Virtual Memory statistics	vmstat	vmstat	vmstat
I/O statistics		iostat	iostat
Error logs	dmesg	dmesg	uerf -R -o full
Physical RAM	64 GB {>2.3.24}	16TB	4TB
Shared Memory	sysctl kernel.shmmax
Process Data Space	900 MB
Swap device	/dev/sda2	/dev/vx/dsk/swapvol	/dev/rz0b
Swap file type	partition type 82	swap	raw
Display swap size	free	swap -l	swapon -s
Activate Swap	swapon -a	swap -a	swapon -a

主流服務器UNIX操作系統比較（之四）打印機、TCP/IP相關設置

本文出自:http://www.yesky.com 作者: stone (2002-04-10 08:02:01)

Printers	AIX	FreeBSD	HP-UX
Printer Queues	/etc/qconfig	/var/spool/print	/etc/lp/interface/*
Stop LP	stopsrc -s lpd		lpshut
Start LP	startsrc -s lpd	lpd	lpsched
Submit print jobs	enq lp lpr qprt	lp	lp
LP statistics	enq -A lpq lpstat qchk	lpq	lpstat
Remove print jobs	cancel lprm qcan enq -x	cancel lprm	cancel
Add printer queue	smit mkpq		lpadmin -p pq
Remove Printer queue	smit rmpq		lpadmin -x pq
Make default printer	export LPDEST="pq"		lpadmin -d pq
TCP/IP	AIX		HP-UX
Network IP configuration	lsattr -E -l inet0	/etc/rc.conf	/etc/rc.config.d/netconf
Hosts IP addresses	/etc/hosts	/etc/hosts	/etc/hosts
Name service switch	/etc/netsvc.conf	/etc/host.conf	/etc/nsswitch.conf
Network parameters	no -a	sysctl	ndd -h
Routing daemon	gated	routed	gated
NIC Configurations	ifconfig -a	ifconfig -a	lanscan -v
Secondary IP Address	ifconfig en0 alias IP	ifconfig xl0 alias IP	ifconfig lan0:1 IP
Login prompt	HERALD @ /etc/security/login.cfg		telnetd -b /etc/issue
Increase the # of pseudo-terminals	odmget -q "attribute=num and uniquetype=pty/pty/pty" PdAt \| sed "s/0-64/0-512/" \| odmchange -q "attribute=num and uniquetype=pty/pty/pty" -o PdAt chdev -l pty0 -anum=256 -P reboot		rebuild your kernel with these new values NPTY=# NSTRPY=# reboot insf -d ptys -n # insf -d ptym -n # insf -d pts -s # -e -v
Maximum # of ptys	512		{MAXUSERS}
Remote Shell	remsh rsh	rsh	remsh
YP/NIS service binder	/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind	/usr/sbin/ypbind	/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind

Printers	LINUX	Solaris	Tru64
Printer Queues	/var/spool/lpd/lp/*	/etc/lp/interfaces/*	/usr/spool/lpd
Stop LP	/etc/init.d/lpd stop	/usr/lib/lp/lpshut	/sbin/init.d/lpd stop
Start LP	/etc/init.d/lpd start	/usr/lib/lp/lpsched	/sbin/init.d/lpd start
Submit print jobs	lpr	lp lpr	lp lpr
LP statistics	lpq	lpstat	lpstat
Remove print jobs	lprm	cancel lprm	cancel lprm
Add printer queue	printtool	lpadmin -p pq	lprsetup
Remove Printer queue		lpadmin -x pq	lprsetup
Make default printer		lpadmin -d pq	export PRINTER="lp"
TCP/IP	LINUX(RedHat)	Solaris	Tru64
Network IP configuration	/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/	/etc/hostname.* /etc/inet/* /etc/defaultrouter	/etc/rc.config
Hosts IP addresses	/etc/hosts	/etc/inet/hosts	/etc/hosts
Name service switch	/etc/nsswitch.conf	/etc/nsswitch.conf	/etc/svc.conf
Network parameters	sysctl -a \| grep net	ndd /dev/[tcp\|ip] ?
Routing daemon	routed	in.routed	routed
NIC Configurations	ifconfig -a	ifconfig -a	ifconfig -a
Secondary IP Address	modprobe ip_alias ifconfig eth0:1 IP	ifconfig hme0:1 IP up	ifconfig ln0 alias
Login prompt	/etc/issue	BANNER @ /etc/default/telnetd	/etc/issue
Increase the # of pseudo-terminals	cd /dev ./MAKEDEV -v pty	{/etc/system} set pt_cnt = # {SYSV} set npty = # {BSD} {/etc/iu.ap} ptsl 0 # ldterm ttcompat halt boot -r	cd /dev ./MAKEDEV PTY_1
Maximum # of ptys	256	176 {BSD} 3000 {SYSV}	8192
Remote Shell	rsh	rsh	rsh
YP/NIS service binder	/sbin/ypbind	/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind	/usr/sbin/ypbind

主流服務器UNIX操作系統比較（之五）系統文件比較

本文出自:http://www.yesky.com 作者:stone (2002-04-11 06:02:00)

System Files	AIX	FreeBSD	HP-UX
NFS exported	/etc/exports	/etc/exports	/etc/exports
NFS Client mounted directories	/etc/xtab		/etc/xtab
Max File System	128 GB		128 GB
Max File Size	64 GB		128 GB
Max # File Descriptors	64 K		60~ K

System Files	LINUX(RedHat)	Solaris	Tru64
NFS exported	/etc/exports	/etc/dfs/dfstab /etc/dfs/sharetab	/etc/eࡸports
NFS Client mounted directories	/var/lib/nfs/xtab	/etc/rmtab	/var/adm/mountdtab
Max File System	2 TB	1 TB 8000 TB {vxfs}	128 GB {<= 3.2G} 512 GB {>= 4.0} 16 TB {advfs}
Max File Size	2 GB {512B block size} 8192 GB {8KB block size}	1 TB 2 GB {=<2.5.1}	128 GB {<= 3.2G} 512 GB {>= 4.0} 16 TB {advfs}
Max # File Descriptors	sysctl fs.file-max	64 K	64 K

主流服務器UNIX操作系統比較（之六）磁盤與邏輯卷命令比較

本文出自:http://www.yesky.com 作者:stone (2002-04-11 08:02:00)

DISK/LVM Commands	AIX	FreeBSD	HP-UX
Filesystem table	/etc/filesystems	/etc/fstab	/etc/fstab
Free disk blocks	df -k	df -k	bdf
Device listing	lsdev -C		/sbin/ioscan
Disk information	bootinfo -s hdisk#	fdisk -v ad0	diskinfo /dev/rdsk/c#t#d#
Disk Label	lspv -l hdisk#	disklabel ad0	pvdisplay -v /dev/dsk/C#t#d#
LVM Concepts	Partition	sub disk	logical extents
	Volume	Volume	logical volume
		Plex
	Volume group		volume group
Journal Filesystem type	jfs		vxfs
Default volume group	/dev/rootvg		/dev/vg00
Display volume group	lsvg -l rootvg		vgdisplay -v vg00
Modify physical volume	chpv		pvchange
Prepare physical disk	mkdev -c disk -l hdisk#		pvcreate
List physical volume	lspv	vinum ld	pvdisplay
Remove disk from volume group	reducevg		vgreduce
Move logical volumes to another physical volumes	migratepv	vinum move -f drive object	pvmove
Create volume group	mkvg		vgcreate
Remove volume group			vgremove
Volume group availability	chvg varyonvg varyoffvg		vgchange
Restore volume group			vgcfgrestore
Exports volume group	exportvg		vgexport
Imports volume group	importvg		vgimport
Volume group listing	lsvg		vgscan
Change logical volume characteristics	chlv		lvchange
List logical volume	lslv	vinum lv	lvdisplay
Make logical volume	mklv		lvcreate
Extend logical volume	extendlv		lvextend
Reduce logical volume	AIX reduce LV		lvreduce
Remove logical volume	rmlv	vinum rm vol	lvremove
Prepare boot volumes	bootlist -m normal		lvlnboot
Remove boot volumes			lvrmboot
Extend File system	chfs -a size=# /mt		extendfs /dev/vg00/lvol8 fsadm -F vxfs -b {LE * 1024} /mt
Reduce/Split mirrors	rmlvcopy		lvsplit
Merge mirrors			lvmerge
Create mirrors	mklv -c 2	vinum mirror drive	lvcreate -m 1
Add mirrors	mklvcopy lv 2		lvextend -m 1
Create striped volumes	mklv -u 3 -S 64K	vinum stripe drive	lvcreate -i 3 -I 64
System recovery tape	mksysb -i /dev/rmt0		/opt/ignite/bin/make_recovery
Backup	savevg -i rootvg	vinum saveconfig	fbackup
Restore	restvg		frecover

DISK/LVM Commands	LINUX(RedHat)	SOLARIS	Tru64
Filesystem table	/etc/fstab	/etc/vfstab	/etc/fstab
Free disk blocks	df -k	df -k	df -k
Device listing	cat /proc/devices	sysdef
Disk information	cat /proc/scsi/scsi0/sda/model	format -d c#t#d# format>current format>inquiry	file /dev/rrz0c
Disk Label	fdisk -l	prtvtoc	disklabel -p rz0
LVM Concepts	logical extents	sub disk	sub disk
	logical volume	Volume	Volume
		Plex	Plex
	volume group	disk group	disk group
Journal Filesystem type	ext2	vxfs	advfs
Default volume group		/dev/vx/dsk/rootdg	/dev/vol/rootdg
Display volume group	vgdisplay -v	vxprint -l -g rootdg	volprint -l -g rootdg
Modify physical volume	pvchange
Prepare physical disk	pvcreate	vxdiskadd	voldiskadd
List physical volume	pvdisplay	vxprint -dl	volprint -dl
Remove disk from volume group	vgreduce	vxdg rmdisk	voldg rmdisk
Move logical volumes to another physical volumes	pvmove	vxassist move	volassist move
Create volume group	vgcreate	vxdg init	voldg init
Remove volume group	vgremove
Volume group availability	vgchange
Restore volume group	vgcfgrestore
Exports volume group	vgexport	vxdg deport	voldg deport
Imports volume group	vgimport	vxdg import	voldg import
Volume group listing	vgscan
Change logical volume characteristics	lvchange	vxedit set	voledit set
List logical volume	lvdisplay	vxprint -vl	volprint -vl
Make logical volume	lvcreate	vxassist make	volassist make
Extend logical volume	lvextend	vxassist growto	volassist growto
Reduce logical volume	lvreduce	vxassist shrinkto	volassist shrinkto
Remove logical volume	lvremove	vxedit rm	voledit -g rootdg -rf rm vol1
Prepare boot volumes	lilo	vxbootsetup
Remove boot volumes
Extend File system	resize2fs	vxva mkfs -M
Reduce/Split mirrors	lvsplit
Merge mirrors	lvmerge
Create mirrors		vxassist mirror	volassist make vol 100mb mirror=true
Add mirrors
Create striped volumes	lvcreate -i 3 -I 64	vxassist make vol 100mb layout=raid5	volassist make vol 100mb layout=stripe
System recovery tape			/usr/sys/bin/btcreate
Backup	tar cvf /dev/rst0 /	ufsdump	vdump
Restore	tar xvf /dev/rst0	ufsrestore	vrestore

主流服務器UNIX操作系統比較（之七）安裝與卸載

本文出自:http://www.yesky.com 作者: stone (2002-04-12 06:02:00)

Software	AIX	FreeBSD	HP-UX
Install Software	installp -a	pkg_add	swinstall
Uninstall software	installp -u	pkg_delete	swremove
List installed software	lslpp -L all	pkg_info -a	swlist
Verify installed software	lppchk -v		swlist -l fileset -a state
List all files	lslpp -f fileset	pkg_info -L package	swlist -l file fileset
List installed patches	instfix -i		swlist -l patch what /stand/vmunix
Package owner	lslpp -w path		swlist -l file \| grep path
SW Directory	/usr/lpp	/var/db/pkg	/var/adm/sw/

Software	LINUX(RedHat)	SOLARIS	Tru64
Install Software	rpm -i package	pkgadd	setld -l
Uninstall software	rpm -e package	pkgrm	setld -d
List installed software	rpm -qa	pkginfo	setld -i
Verify installed software	rpm -V package	pkginfo -i pkginfo -p	setld -v
List all files	rpm -ql package	pkgchk -l package	setld -i package
List installed patches		patchadd -p	dupatch -track -type patch
Package owner	rpm -qf file	pkgchk -l -p path
SW Directory	/var/lib/rpm	/var/sadm	/var/adm/smlogs

主流服務器UNIX操作系統比較（之八）其它命令

本文出自:http://www.yesky.com 作者: stone (2002-04-12 08:02:01)

MISC	AIX	FreeBSD	HP-UX
Startup script	/etc/rc	/etc/rc	/sbin/r