oracle for linux full !!!
时间：2005-04-29 来源：vincent.shan
看了那么多的安装心得,终于到了自己安装的时候了,麻烦仍然不断的跳出来....
当看了这篇老外写的文章的时候终于明白了前辈们为什么一直强调看英文的好处了,可能这还只是一处体现而已,以后尽量看英语^^
Installing Oracle 9i on RedHat Linux 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.0, 9, Red Hat Advanced Server 2.1, and on Red Hat Enterprise Linux Advanced Server 3 (RHEL AS 3)
Oracle on Red Hat Linux Portal
Here is a summary (HOWTO) of how I installed:
Oracle 9iR2 (9.2.0) Database on Red Hat Advanced Server 3 (kernel 2.4.21-4.EL, glibc 2.3.2-95.3)
Oracle 9iR2 (9.2.0) Database on Red Hat Advanced Server 2.1 (kernel 2.4.9-e.3, glibc 2.2.4-26)
Oracle 9iR2 (9.2.0) Database on Red Hat 9 (kernel kernel-2.4.20-6, glibc 2.3.2-5)
Oracle 9iR2 (9.2.0) Database on Red Hat 8.0 (kernel 2.4.18-18.8.0, glibc 2.2.93-5)
Oracle 9iR2 (9.2.0) Database on Red Hat 7.3 (kernel 2.4.18-3, glibc 2.2.5-34)
Oracle 9iR1 (9.0.1) Database on Red Hat 7.3 (kernel 2.4.18-3, glibc 2.2.5-34)
Oracle 9iR1 (9.0.1) Database on Red Hat 7.2 (kernel 2.4.7-10, glibc 2.2.4-13)
Oracle 9iR1 (9.0.1) Database on Red Hat 7.1 (kernel 2.4.2-2, glibc 2.2.2-10)
Validation/Certification:
Release 2 of Oracle 9i Database and Application Server, and Oracle E-Business Suite 11.5.7 have been certified on Red Hat Linux Advanced Server 2.1, see " Oracle and Red Hat Collaborate to Develop Enhanced Enterprise Capabilities for Red Hat Linux Advanced Server." Red Hat 7.1 has been validated for Oracle9i Database and for Oracle9i Application Server, see Red Hat Announces Validation of Red Hat Linux For Oracle. See also Oracle Products on Red Hat Linux.
Errors and Problems:
Some of the Oracle errors and problems covered here were only experienced in connection with 9i (9.0.1) and some only with 9iR2 (9.2.0). But since I cannot say for sure that a 9i (9.0.1) installation error will never show up during 9iR2 (9.2.0) installation, I simply kept all errors and problems listed together, see Oracle Installation Errors and Oracle Installation Problems, Important Tips and Hints.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Advanced Server 3 (RHEL AS 3)
In order to install an Oracle9iR2 database on RH AS 3, the "Oracle9iR2 Patch Set 3 9.2.0.4.0" patchset and some other patches must be applied. Some errors can only be fixed by applying the 9.2.0.4 patchset. For more information, see Running Oracle Installation on Red Hat Enterprise Linux Advanced Server 3.
Red Hat 9:
Red Hat 9 includes now the the Native POSIX Thread Library (NPTL) which is an improved implementation of POSIX threads for Linux. But using NPTL will cause several problems for Oracle applications. Note that Oracle9i has not been certified on Red Hat 9!
So to fix this problem, you can set the environment variable LD_ASSUME_KERNEL to 2.4.1, which means that the old "Linuxthreads with floating stacks" implementation will be used. Otherwise the Oracle installer runInstaller will hang, the Database Configuration Assistant dbca won't start etc.; see Oracle Installation Errors for more information. To see where this environment variable can be set, see Set Oracle Environments. For more information on LD_ASSUME_KERNEL, see Red Hat Linux 9 Release Notes.
NOTE: Before you install Oracle9iR2, make sure that you first read the information about the error message "Error in invoking target install of make file /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/lib/ins_oemagent.mk" in the Oracle Installation Errors section!
Red Hat 8.0:
The only problem I experienced with Oracle 9iR2 (9.2.0) on Red Hat 8.0 was:
"Error in invoking target install of makefile /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/ctx/lib/ins_ctx.mk"
But this does not necessarily mean that you won't see other problems described here. See Oracle Installation Errors for more information.
* Documentations
* Downloading and Installing Red Hat Linux 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.0, 9
* Unpacking Downloaded Oracle9i Installation Files and Burning Oracle9i CDs
* Setting Swap Space
* Setting Shared Memory
* Checking /tmp Space
* Sizing Oracle Disk Space
* The "binutils" Issue
* Checking Development Packages (RPMs)
* JDK
* Creating Oracle User Accounts
* Creating Oracle Directories
* Setting Oracle Environments
* Starting runInstaller
* Running Oracle Installation on RH 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.0, 9, and on RH AS 2.1
* Running Oracle Installation on Red Hat Enterprise Linux Advanced Server 3
* Startup and Shutdown of the Oracle 9i Database
* Oracle Installation Problems, Tips and Hints
* Oracle Installation Errors
Documentations
Oracle9i Database Documentation for LinuxTuning and Optimizing Red Hat Linux Advanced Server for Oracle9i Database
Oracle9iR2 on Linux: Performance, Reliability and Manageability Enhancements on Red Hat Linux Advanced Server 2.1
An Overview of Red Hat Advanced Server V2.1 Reliability, Availability, Scalability, and Manageability (RASM) Features
Downloading and Installing Red Hat Linux 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.0, 9
To download Red Hat Linux 7.x, 8.0, 9, check the links at http://www.puschitz.com/RedhatDownload.htmlYou can find the installation guides for installing Red Hat Linux under Red Hat Linux Manuals.
NOTE: You cannot download Red Hat Linux Advanced Server 2.1, you can only download the source code. If you want to get the binary CDs, you will have to buy it at http://www.redhat.com/software/linux/advanced/. But Red Hat is offering a Developer Edition of Advanced Server 2.1 at a very affordable price.
Unpacking Downloaded Oracle9i Installation Files and Burning Oracle9i CDs
zcat lnx_920_disk1.cpio.gz | cpio -idmv zcat lnx_920_disk2.cpio.gz | cpio -idmv zcat lnx_920_disk3.cpio.gz | cpio -idmvDownload Oracle9i for Linux from the following web site:
http://otn.oracle.com/software/products/oracle9i/htdocs/linuxsoft.html
Uncompress and unpack downloaded files:
For Oracle9i (9.2.0):
One step procedure (uses less disk space and is faster):
Two step procedure:
# Uncompress gunzip lnx_920_disk1.cpio.gz lnx_920_disk2.cpio.gz lnx_920_disk3.cpio.gz Linux9i_Disk3.cpio.gz # Unpack the downloaded files: cpio -idmv < lnx_920_disk1.cpio cpio -idmv < lnx_920_disk2.cpio cpio -idmv < lnx_920_disk3.cpio
For Oracle9i (9.0.1):
One step procedure (uses less disk space and is faster):
zcat Linux9i_Disk1.cpio.gz | cpio -idmv zcat Linux9i_Disk2.cpio.gz | cpio -idmv zcat Linux9i_Disk3.cpio.gz | cpio -idmvTwo step procedure:
# Uncompress gunzip Linux9i_Disk1.cpio.gz Linux9i_Disk2.cpio.gz Linux9i_Disk3.cpio.gz # Unpack the downloaded files: cpio -idmv < Linux9i_Disk1.cpio cpio -idmv < Linux9i_Disk2.cpio cpio -idmv < Linux9i_Disk3.cpio
Now you should have 3 directories containing installation files:
Disk1 Disk2 Disk3I executed the following commands when I burned the 3 CDs:
mkisofs -r Disk1 | cdrecord -v --eject dev=0,0,0 speed=15 - mkisofs -r Disk2 | cdrecord -v --eject dev=0,0,0 speed=15 - mkisofs -r Disk3 | cdrecord -v --eject dev=0,0,0 speed=15 -(You can get the dev numbers when you execute cdrecord -scanbus).
Setting Swap Space
grep MemTotal /proc/meminfoTo check the swap space, run:
cat /proc/swaps
You can also add temporary swap space by creating a temporary swap file instead of using a raw device. Here is the procedure:
su - root dd if=/dev/zero of=tmpswap bs=1k count=900000 chmod 600 tmpswap mkswap tmpswap swapon tmpswapTo disable the temporary swap space execute the following commands:
su - root swapoff tmpswap rm tmpswap
Setting Shared Memory
ORA-27123: unable to attach to shared memory segment.I temporarely increased the shmmax setting for the kernel by executing the following command:
$ su - root # cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax 33554432 # echo `expr 1024 * 1024 * 1024` > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax # cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax 1073741824It is recommended to increase the shmmax setting permanently for Oracle. For more information, see Setting Shared Memory.
For more information on optimizing shared memory settings for Oracle databases on Linux, see Setting Shared Memory. These parameters apply to all Red Hat Linux versions. But note that except for the shmmax parameter, these parameter do not need to be changed for installing Oracle on Linux. But you might want to adjust all shared memory settings later to optimize the server for Oracle.
Checking /tmp Space
$ df /tmpIf you do not have enough space in the /tmp directory, you can temporarily create a tmp directory in another filesystem. Here is how you can do this:
su - root mkdir //tmp chown root.root //tmp chmod 1777 //tmp export TEMP=/ # used by Oracle export TMPDIR=/ # used by Linux programs like the linker "ld"When you are done with your Oracle installation, shutdown Oracle and remove the temporary directory:
su - root rmdir //tmp unset TEMP unset TMPDIR
Sizing Oracle Disk Space
The "binutils" Issue
-
I recommend the following approach:
Wait for the following Oracle installation error:"Error invoking target install of makefile /opt/oracle/product/9.0.1/plsql/lib/ins_plsql.mk"
And fix this problem as described in Oracle Installation Errors.
I recommend this approach since it obviates the need to change binutils.
- I do not recommend the following approach:
Download the following binutil RPM version and downgrade binutil on the Oracle server:
ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/7.0/en/os/i386/RedHat/RPMS/binutils-2.10.0.18-1.i386.rpm
su - root rpm -Uvh --force --nodeps binutils-2.10.0.18-1.i386.rpm
When you are done with the Oracle installation, you upgrade your binutil RPM back to the version you had before you downgraded. E.g. on the Red Hat 7.2 server I did:rpm -Uvh --force --nodeps binutils-2.11.90.0.8-9.i386.rpm
- Here is Oracle's official solution for Oracle 9iR1 or 9iR1 iAS on RedHat 2.1 Advanced Server which I don't like:
http://otn.oracle.com/software/products/oracle9i/files/binutils_readme.html
Checking Development Packages (RPMs)
Error in invoking target ntcontab.o of makefile /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/lib/ins_net_client.mk
Development Packages (RPMs) for RH 7.1, 7.2, and RH AS 2.1:
To see if these development packages are installed on your server, run the following command:
rpm -q gcc cpp compat-libstdc++ glibc-devel kernel-headers binutilsFor instance, most of these packages will be missing when you installed RedHat 2.1 Advanced Server and if you did not select the "Software Development" package. For the RedHat 2.1 Advanced Server I executed the following commands to install the missing RPMs from the two CDs:
su - root rpm -ivh cpp-2.96-108.1.i386.rpm glibc-devel-2.2.4-26.i386.rpm kernel-headers-2.4.9-e.3.i386.rpm gcc-2.96-108.1.i386.rpm binutils-2.11.90.0.8-12.i386.rpm
Development Packages (RPMs) for RH 7.3, 8.0, and 9:
To see if these development packages are installed on your server, run the following command:
rpm -q gcc cpp compat-libstdc++ glibc-devel glibc-kernheaders binutilsFor instance, when I installed Red Hat 9.0 and when I used the default packages for the Installation Type "Server", I had to install the following RPMs afterwards:
su - root rpm -ivh binutils-2.13.90.0.18-9.i386.rpm cpp-3.2.2-5.i386.rpm gcc-3.2.2-5.i386.rpm glibc-devel-2.3.2-5.i386.rpm glibc-kernheaders-2.4-8.10.i386.rpm
Development Packages (RPMs) for Red Hat Enterprise Linux Advanced Server 3 (RHEL AS 3):
To see if these development packages are installed on your server, run the following command:
rpm -q gcc cpp compat-libstdc++ glibc-devel glibc-headers glibc-kernheaders binutils
NOTE: Before you install Oracle9iR2, make sure that you also read the information about the error message "Error in invoking target install of make file /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/lib/ins_oemagent.mk" in the Oracle Installation Errors section!
JDK
su - root bzip2 -dc jdk118_v3-glibc-2.1.3.tar.bz2 | tar xf - -C /usr/local ln -s /usr/local/jdk118_v3 /usr/local/java
Creating Oracle User Accounts
su - root groupadd dba # group of users to be granted with SYSDBA system privilege groupadd oinstall # group owner of Oracle files useradd -c "Oracle software owner" -g oinstall -G dba oracle passwd oracleFor more information on the "oinstall" group account, see When to use "OINSTALL" group during install of oracle.
Creating Oracle Directories
su - root mkdir /opt/oracle mkdir /opt/oracle/product mkdir /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0 chown -R oracle.oinstall /opt/oracle mkdir /var/opt/oracle chown oracle.dba /var/opt/oracle chmod 755 /var/opt/oracle
Setting Oracle Environments
# Set the LD_ASSUME_KERNEL environment variable only for Red Hat 9 and # for Red Hat Enterprise Linux Advanced Server 3 (RHEL AS 3) !! # Use the "Linuxthreads with floating stacks" implementation instead of NPTL: export LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.4.1 # Oracle Environment export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/9.2.0 export ORACLE_SID=test export ORACLE_TERM=xterm # export TNS_ADMIN= Set if sqlnet.ora, tnsnames.ora, etc. are not in $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN; export ORA_NLS33=$ORACLE_HOME/ocommon/nls/admin/data LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib export LD_LIBRARY_PATH # Set shell search paths export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
I successfully installed Oracle9iR2 without setting the following CLASSPATH environment variable:
# CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib # CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib # export CLASSPATH
You can put these environment settings at the end of the ~oracle/.bash_profile file if you use bash. By this way you don't have to set the environment variables again when you login as "oracle", or when you switch to the user "oracle" by executing "su - oracle".
Starting runInstaller
yourdesktop:user$ xhost +oracleserverStep 2: Open a new window and login to the Oracle server "oracleserver" as root. This window will be used for mounting and unmounting the Oracle CDs.
oracleserver:$ su - root oracleserver:root# mount /mnt/cdromStep 3: From the console of your Oracle server "oracleserver" where you will run runInstaller, execute the following commands:
oracleserver:$ su - oracle oracleserver:oracle$ export DISPLAY=yourdesktop:0.0Step 4: Now execute runInstaller as "oracle". Do not cd to /mnt/cdrom !!
oracleserver:oracle$ /mnt/cdrom/runInstallerNOTE:
Don't run runInstaller for Red Hat Enterprise Linux Advanced Server 3 (RHEL AS 3) yet! See Running Oracle Installation on Red Hat Enterprise Linux Advanced Server 3 for more information.
Running Oracle Installation on RH 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.0, 9, and on RH AS 2.1
/opt/oracle/oraInventory- UNIX Group Name (permission for updating Oracle software):
oinstall
You could also use "dba" which I do not recommend for security reasons. For more information on the "oinstall" group account, see When to use "OINSTALL" group during install of oracle.- Full path name for Oracle Home:
/opt/oracle/product/9.2.0etc.
Running Oracle Installation on Red Hat Enterprise Linux Advanced Server 3
su - root rpm -ivh compat-db-4.0.14-5.i386.rpm compat-gcc-7.3-2.96.122.i386.rpm compat-gcc-c++-7.3-2.96.122.i386.rpm compat-libstdc++-7.3-2.96.122.i386.rpm compat-libstdc++-devel-7.3-2.96.122.i386.rpm openmotif21-2.1.30-8.i386.rpm setarch-1.3-1.i386.rpm tcl-8.3.5-92.i386.rpmRelink gcc so that the older gcc will be used during the Oracle installation (see Oracle Note:252217.1 for more information):
su - root mv /usr/bin/gcc /usr/bin/gcc323 ln -s /usr/bin/gcc296 /usr/bin/gcc mv /usr/bin/g++ /usr/bin/g++323 # if g++ doesn't exist, then gcc-c++ was not installed ln -s /usr/bin/g++296 /usr/bin/g++
When you execute runInstaller from the Oracle 9iR2 (9.2.0) CD, you will get the following error message:
Error occurred during initialization of VM Unable to load native library: /tmp/OraInstall2003-10-25_03-14-57PM/jre/lib/i386/libjava.so: symbol __libc_wait, version GLIBC_2.0 not defined in file libc.so.6 with link time referenceTo resolve resolve the __libc_wait symbol issue, download the patch p3006854_9204_LINUX.zip from http://metalink.oracle.com. See bug 3006854 for more information.
To apply the patch, run
su - root # unzip p3006854_9204_LINUX.zip Archive: p3006854_9204_LINUX.zip creating: 3006854/ inflating: 3006854/rhel3_pre_install.sh inflating: 3006854/README.txt # cd 3006854 # sh rhel3_pre_install.sh Applying patch... Patch successfully applied #NOTE: If you get the following error when you run rhel3_pre_install.sh:
rhel3_pre_install.sh: line 36: gcc: command not foundThen you forgot to install or link gcc, see above. This means you can't start any binaries any more:
# ls ls: error while loading shared libraries: /etc/libcwait.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory #To fix that, run:
# echo "" > /etc/ld.so.preload rm /etc/ld.so.preloadAnd start over again.
Now runInstaller can be started from the CD:
su - oracle $ echo $LD_ASSUME_KERNEL # it is important that this variable is set! 2.4.1 $ /mnt/cdrom/runInstaller - Welcome Screen: Click Next - Inventory Location: Click Next - Unix Group Name: Use "oinstall" and click Next When asked to run /tmp/orainstRoot.sh, run it before you click Continue - File Locations: Use default values - Available Products: Select "Oracle9i Database 9.2.0.1.0" - Installation Types: Select Custom since we only want to install the software for now - Available Products: Click Next or add some more components. - Components Locations: Accept default values and click Next - Privileged Operating System Groups: I used the default values: OSDBA Group = dba, OSOPER Group = dba - Oracle Managent Server Repository: I used the default choice - Create database: Select NO since we first have to patch Oracle before a database can be created! - Summary: Start the Install - Configuration tools: Tools won't come up. Simply ignore it. - At the end of the installation, exit runInstaller.You may get the following errors:
Error in invoking target install of makefile /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/lib/ins_oemagent.mk.
The /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/install/make.log file reads:
/opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/lib/libnmi.a(snmitcln.o)(.text+0xa4e): In function `Nls_FormatCmd': : undefined reference to `__ctype_b' /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/lib/libnmi.a(snmitcln.o)(.text+0x159d): In function `Nls_ScanCmd': : undefined reference to `__ctype_b' /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/lib/libnmi.a(snmitcln.o)(.text+0x1603): more undefined references to `__ctype_b' follow collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [dbsnmp] Error 1Click ignore. This will be fixed by applying the patch 3119415 after the 9.2.0.4 patchset has been applied. You won't be able to apply the patch 3119415 at this time since the file /opt/oracle/oraInventory/ContentsXML/comps.xml doesn't exist yet.
Error in invoking target install of makefile /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/ctx/lib/ins_ctx.mk.
The /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/install/make.log file reads:
/usr/bin/ld: ctxhx: hidden symbol `stat' in /usr/lib/libc_nonshared.a(stat.oS) is referenced by DSO collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [ctxhx] Error 1Click ignore. This is fixed by applying the 9.2.0.4 patchset.
Patching Oracle9iR2:
To patch Oracle9iR2, download the Oracle 9i Release 2 Patch Set 3 Version 9.2.0.4.0 for Linux x86 from http://metalink.oracle.com.
Copy the downloaded "p3095277_9204_LINUX.zip" file to e.g. /tmp and run the following command:
su - oracle $ cp p3095277_9204_LINUX.zip /tmp $ cd /tmp $ unzip p3095277_9204_LINUX.zip Archive: p3095277_9204_LINUX.zip inflating: 9204_lnx32_release.cpio inflating: README.html inflating: patchnote.css $ $ cpio -idmv < 9204_lnx32_release.cpio Disk1/stage/locks Disk1/stage/Patches/oracle.apache.isqlplus/9.2.0.4.0/1/DataFiles/bin.1.1.jar Disk1/stage/Patches/oracle.apache.isqlplus/9.2.0.4.0/1/DataFiles/lib.1.1.jar ...To patch the runInstaller, run:
su - oracle $ echo $LD_ASSUME_KERNEL # it is important that this variable is set! 2.4.1 $ cd /tmp/Disk1/ $ ./runInstaller - Welcome Screen: Click Next - File Locations: Use default values - Available Products: Select "Oracle Universial Installer 2.2.0.18.0 !" - Components Locations: Accept default values and click Next - Summary: Start the Install - At the end of the installation, exit runInstaller!To patch Oracle9iR2, run:
su - oracle $ echo $LD_ASSUME_KERNEL # it is important that this variable is set! 2.4.1 $ cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin $ ./runInstaller - Welcome Screen: Click Next - File Locations: Use default values - Available Products: Select "Oracle9iR2 Patch Set 3 9.2.0.4.0 !" - Summary: Start the Install - At the end of the installation, exit runInstallerYou may get the following error:
Error in invoking target install of makefile /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/lib/ins_oemagent.mk.
The /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/install/make.log file reads:
/opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/lib/libnmi.a(snmitcl.o)(.text+0x1cc): In function `get_ora_stmt_handle': : undefined reference to `__ctype_b' /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/lib/libnmi.a(snmitcl.o)(.text+0x124e): In function `OraProcess_Oid': : undefined reference to `__ctype_b' /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/lib/libnmi.a(snmitcl.o)(.text+0x176c): more undefined references to `__ctype_b' follow collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [dbsnmp] Error 1Click ignore. This will be fixed by applying the patch 3119415 after the 9.2.0.4 patchset has been applied. The patch 3119415 cannot be applied while the patch process for the 9.2.0.4 patchset is running.
After the 9.2.0.4 patchset has been applied, download the patch p3119415_9204_LINUX.zip from http://metalink.oracle.com. See bug 3119415 for more information. Also, download the opatch Release 2.2.0 utility from http://metalink.oracle.com. See bug 2617419 for more information.
To install opatch, run:
su - oracle $ cp p2617419_210_GENERIC.zip /tmp $ cd /tmp $ unzip p2617419_210_GENERIC.zipBefore you apply the 3119415 patch, you need to make sure the fuser is accessable by the oracle user, see below. Otherwise the patch can't be applied since fuser is used by opatch.
To apply the 3119415 patch, run
su - oracle $ unzip p3119415_9204_LINUX.zip $ cd 3119415 $ export PATH=$PATH:/tmp/OPatch $ export PATH=$PATH:/sbin # the patch needs "fuser" which is located in /sbin $ which opatch /tmp/OPatch/opatch $ opatch apply
Now you should be able to create a database with dbca:
su - oracle dbca
And don't forget to undo the changes (links) to /usr/bin/gcc and /usr/bin/g++ if you don't need it any more. Also don't forget the /etc/ld.so.preload file.
Startup and Shutdown of the Oracle 9i Database
For instance, to startup the database, run the following commands:
oracle$ sqlplus /nolog SQL> connect / as sysdba SQL> startupThe slash connects you to the schema owned by SYS. So in this example you will be connected to the schema owned by SYS with the privilege SYSDBA. SYSDBA gives you the following privileges:
- sysoper privileges WITH ADMIN OPTION
- create database
- recover database until
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart and $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut
You can also use $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart to startup the database, and $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut to shutdown the database. You can place $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart into the /etc/rc.d/rc.local boot script to automatically bring up the database at system boot time. To get $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart and $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut working, you need to change the third field for your Oracle SID in /etc/oratab from "N" to "Y".
For example, for the Oracle SID "test" I changed the line in /etc/oratab from:
test:/opt/oracle/product/9.2.0:Nto read:
test:/opt/oracle/product/9.2.0:Y
In some cases for 9.2.0 I also had to copy the init file for my SID "test" from /opt/oracle/admin/test/pfile to $ORACLE_HOME/dbs to get dbstart and dbshut working:
cp /opt/oracle/admin/test/pfile/inittest.ora.642002224936 $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/inittest.oraBut first make sure if your init file already exists in $ORACLE_HOME/dbs!
If you want to properly integrate Oracle9i into the Red Hat Linux 7 SysV init process, check out http://www.gurulabs.com/downloads.html. "Oracle9i RHL Run Package" is based on a GPLd RPM provided by SuSE, but has been heavily modified to fit as seamlessly as possible into Red Hat Linux.
Oracle Installation Problems, Tips and Hints
-
Do not cd to /mnt/cdrom to run ./runInstaller!
If you do so, the installation will fail because you won't be able to change the CDs.
Xlib: connection to ":0.0" refused by server Xlib: Client is not authorized to connect to Server
In this case, I always had to kill runInstaller in Oracle9iR1 (9.0.1) which was still running in the background. If I didn't do this in 9.0.1, runInstaller didn't completely come up any more without displaying any error messages. You might also want to clean up /tmp/OraInstall.
- If you forgot to set the DISPLAY environment variable (e.g. export DISPLAY=oracleserver:0.0), or if you forgot to give the remote console - your Oracle Server - authority to display X information on your desktop PC (e.g. xhost +oracleserver), then you will get the following error:
-
The Oracle installation also runs make etc. In a production environment you might not have compilers and other development packages installed. Therefore make sure you have temporarily the following packages installed: gcc, cpp, glibc-devel, compat-libstdc++, kernel-headers (for RH 7.1, 7.2, 2.1AS), glibc-kernheaders (for RH 7.3, 8.0, 9.0), binutils. See also Development Packages for more information.
- If for any reason the Oracle9i installation didn't finish successfully, you might want to clean up the following files and directories before you start over again: /etc/oraInst.loc /etc/oratab /tmp/ $ORACLE_BASE/*
- Other Problems:
You might want to check out the Oracle on Linux Discussion Forum.
Oracle Installation Errors
First check always the error logs for 9.2.0 in /tmp/OraInstall (e.g /tmp/OraInstall2002-07-04_09-50-19PM), and for 9.0.1 in /tmp/OraInstall. When you get make problems, check also the file $ORACLE_HOME/install/make.log.Make sure that gcc is installed on your system:
$ which gcc /usr/bin/gccHere is the command to find the RPM package name for /usr/bin/gcc:
$ rpm -qf /usr/bin/gcc gcc-2.96-98Check also the other error messages below. See also Development Packages for more information.
- "Error in invoking target install of makefile /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/ctx/lib/ins_ctx.mk"
When I had this problem, the following errors showed up in $ORACLE_HOME/install/make.log:
/lib/libdl.so.2: undefined reference to `_dl_addr@GLIBC_PRIVATE' /lib/libdl.so.2: undefined reference to `_dl_open@GLIBC_PRIVATE' /lib/libdl.so.2: undefined reference to `_dl_close@GLIBC_PRIVATE' /lib/libdl.so.2: undefined reference to `_dl_sym@GLIBC_PRIVATE' /lib/libdl.so.2: undefined reference to `_dl_vsym@GLIBC_PRIVATE'This error comes up when the following step is executed:
/usr/bin/make -f ins_ctx.mk install ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/9.2.0
Edit the file $ORACLE_HOME/ctx/lib/env_ctx.mk, go to "INSO_LINK =", and add a "$(LDLIBFLAG)dl" to the line and save it.
Here is the full line with the added "$(LDLIBFLAG)dl" flag:
INSO_LINK = -L$(CTXLIB) $(LDLIBFLAG)m $(LDLIBFLAG)dl $(LDLIBFLAG)sc_ca $(LDLIBFLAG)sc_fa $(LDLIBFLAG)sc_ex $(LDLIBFLAG)sc_da $(LDLIBFLAG)sc_ut $(LDLIBFLAG)sc_ch $(LDLIBFLAG)sc_fi $(LLIBCTXHX) $(LDLIBFLAG)c -Wl,-rpath,$(CTXHOME)lib $(CORELIBS) $(COMPEOBJS)
After that hit retry in the error popup.
If this didn't work, then try the following:
Edit the file $ORACLE_HOME/ctx/lib/env_ctx.mk again, go to "INSO_LINK =", remove the above entry you made and add a "`cat $(LIBHOME)/sysliblist`" to the line and save it.
Here is the full line with the added "`cat $(LIBHOME)/sysliblist`" string:
INSO_LINK = -L$(CTXLIB) $(LDLIBFLAG)m `cat $(LIBHOME)/sysliblist` $(LDLIBFLAG)sc_ca $(LDLIBFLAG)sc_fa $(LDLIBFLAG)sc_ex $(LDLIBFLAG)sc_da $(LDLIBFLAG)sc_ut $(LDLIBFLAG)sc_ch $(LDLIBFLAG)sc_fi $(LLIBCTXHX) $(LDLIBFLAG)c -Wl,-rpath,$(CTXHOME)lib $(CORELIBS) $(COMPEOBJS)
After that hit retry in the error popup.
- ORA-27123: unable to attach to shared memory segment.
This error message came up when the Oracle Database Configuration Assistant was running. I executed the following command to temporarily increase the maximum shared memory size:
su - root # cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax 33554432 # echo `expr 1024 * 1024 * 1024` > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax # cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax 1073741824 #Then click "Retry" for the Oracle Database Configuration Assistant.
It is recommended to increase the shmmax setting permanently for Oracle9i. So if you want to increase the maximum shared memory size permanently, add the following line to the /etc/sysctl.conf file:
kernel.shmmax=1073741824For more information on setting shared memory parameters for Oracle, see Setting Shared Memory.
- ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel
Database Configuration Assistant:
I executed the ipcs command to get the address of the shared memory segments that have been allocated by Oracle:
$ su - root # ipcs ------ Shared Memory Segments -------- key shmid owner perms bytes nattch status 0x00000000 0 root 600 196608 2 0x00000001 32769 root 600 655360 2 0x00000000 458755 oracle 660 4194304 0 0x00000000 491524 oracle 660 33554432 0 0x00000000 524293 oracle 660 33554432 0 0x00000000 557062 oracle 660 33554432 0 0x00000000 589831 oracle 660 33554432 0 0x00000000 622600 oracle 660 33554432 0 0x00000000 655369 oracle 660 33554432 0 0x00000000 688138 oracle 660 33554432 0 0x3ecee0b0 720907 oracle 660 4194304 0 ------ Semaphore Arrays -------- key semid owner perms nsems status ------ Message Queues -------- key msqid owner perms used-bytes messages #Then I removed all shared memory segments that were owned by the Oracle user during the installation with the following command:
# ipcrm shm 458755 491524 524293 557062 589831 622600 655369 688138 720907After that I restarted the "Database Configuration Assistant". Once the installation was done I immediately restarted the DB as well.
Caveat: I'm not sure if this procedure can cause any further problems if this is done during the installation. But so far I haven't seen any issues with this approach.
sqlplus:
If you get this problem in connection with sqlplus, then simply make sure that the database is down and exit sqlplus. After that, follow the procedure above by removing all shared memory segments that belong to the Oracle user. To my knowledge, this should not cause any problems.
For more information on shared memory segments, see Determining Which Semaphore Sets and Shared Memory Segments Belong to Each Oracle Database or Instance.
NOTE:
To solve this problem permanently, increase the kernel shmmax size. For more information, see Setting Shared Memory and Setting Shared Memory.
- "Error invoking target install of makefile /opt/oracle/product/9.0.1/plsql/lib/ins_plsql.mk"
"Error invoking target install of makefile /opt/oracle/product/9.0.1/precomp/lib/ins-precomp.mk"
"Error invoking target install of makefile /opt/oracle/product/9.0.1/precomp/lib/ins-net-client"
Edit the file $ORACLE_HOME/bin/genclntsh and change the following line:
LD_SELF_CONTAINED="-z defs"to read:
LD_SELF_CONTAINED=""After that run the script $ORACLE_HOME/bin/genclntsh as the user "oracle" and not as the user "root". Also make sure you have all the Oracle environments set correctly!
$ su - oracle $ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/genclntsh Created /opt/oracle/product/9.0.1/lib/libclntst9.a $After that hit Retry in the error dialog window. This always worked for me.
Here is Oracle's official solution for Oracle 9iR1 and 9iR1 iAS on RedHat 2.1 Advanced Server:
http://otn.oracle.com/software/products/oracle9i/files/binutils_readme.html
- "Error in invoking target install of make file /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/lib/ins_oemagent.mk"
... /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/lib/libnmi.a(snmitcln.o)(.text+0x159d): In function `Nls_ScanCmd': : undefined reference to `__ctype_b' /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/lib/libnmi.a(snmitcln.o)(.text+0x1603): more undefined references to `__ctype_b' follow
The issue here is that __ctype_b() is actually gone for __ctype_b_loc() because Red Hat uses a new locale model. However, in libc.so, __ctype_b is still exported as compatibility symbol; at least that's the case with RH 9 glibc-2.3.2-5. And here is the reason why some people have this problem with Red Hat 9 and why some don't:
When you bought the Red Hat 9 CDs in a store, then you will probably find glibc-2.3.2-5.i686.rpm on the first CD. This glibc version exports __ctype_b():
$ rpm -ql glibc-2.3.2-5 | grep libc.Here is a list of Oracle 9i (9.0.1 & 9.2.0) installation problems and issues. Some issues, errors, problems, and solutions apply only to 9.0.1 and some only to 9.2.0. Since I did not experience all of the problems here, I am not able to verify the correctness of all the solutions. However, I experienced almost all of the problems listed here. If you have other problems and you were able to resolve them, then please drop me an email at webmaster_at_puschitz.com so that I can add it to the list here.
Here is a list of issues issues, errors, problems and solutions: Some of these problems apply only to 9.0.1! sqlplus:
svrmgrl is not supported any more. You can now do everything with sqlplus.
In order to install an Oracle9iR2 database on RH AS 3, the "Oracle9iR2 Patch Set 3 9.2.0.4.0" patchset and some other patches must be applied. Some errors can only be fixed by applying the 9.2.0.4 patchset.
Installing Oracle9iR2
Install the following RPMs (see Oracle Note:252217.1 for more information): Keep in mind that you will get one or more errors here during the Oracle installation! See Oracle Installation Errors for more information.
This is how I answered the questions for the runInstaller:
- What would you like as the base directory (Inventory Location):
Before you continue, make sure you have set the Oracle environment variables, see above.
Oracle no longer supports a character mode installer. Therefore, in order to execute runInstaller directly from a console of a machine you are logged into (in this example the node name where Oracle is running is called "oracleserver"), you need to set the DISPLAY environment variable. Before you do that, make sure that you also allow runInstaller on "oracleserver" to display X information on your Linux desktop machine (in this example, the PC name where you are running X Windows like KDE or GNOME is called "yourdesktop"), because programs running on remote machines cannot display information to your screen unless you give them the authority to do so. Note that the X display relink mechanism does not work for NT desktop machines unless you use Exceed.
Before you run runInstaller, execute e.g. 'xterm' to see if your X setup is really working! If you install Oracle on your desktop PC and not on a remote node, then you can skip step 1 and 3.
Step 1: Allow "oracleserver" to display X information to your desktop PC "yourdesktop":
Set the following Oracle environment variables before you start runInstaller.
As the oracle user execute the following commands: In this example, make sure that the /opt filesystem is large enough, see Oracle Disk Space for more information. If /opt is not on a separate filesystem, then make sure the root filesystem "/" has enough space. Skip this step for Oracle9iR2.
I successfully installed Oracle9iR2 without installing JDK on the system. Oracle comes now with its own Java. This means that you don't have to execute the following steps which were required for older Oracle versions:
Download JDK 1.3.1 or Blackdown 1.1.8_v3: (I usually used Blackdown)
http://www.blackdown.org
http://java.sun.com
According to the JDK documentation, install JDK under /usr/local. Then create a symbolic link to the JDK under /usr/local/java: You will need some RPM development packages for the Oracle installer to build the Oracle modules, otherwise you will get an error messages similar to this one: Skip this step for Oracle9iR2.
I did not experience this problem with Oracle 9i (9.2.0), but only with Oracle 9i (9.0.1).
The binutils package that comes with Red Hat 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, and with RedHat 2.1 Advanced Server doesn't work with Oracle 9i (9.0.1) Universal Installer. Here are the options you have for 9.0.1: You will need about 2.5 GB for the database software. If you perform a typical database installation and not a customized database installation, then you will need about 3.5 GB of disk space.
The Oracle Universal Installer requires up to 400 MB of free space in the /tmp directory.
To check the space in /tmp, run: For Oracle 9i (9.2.0) installation I had to increase the maximum shared memory size on my Linux server for all Red Hat versions. The Oracle Database Configuration Assistant displayed the following error message on my server:
In order to perform a typical Oracle 9i installation and to create a simple prototype database, Oracle says that you need a minimum of 512MB of RAM for the Oracle9i (9.0.1) Server, and the amount of disk space (swap space) should be equal to twice the amount of RAM or at least 400 MB, whichever is greater.
I tried to test the limits on an older PC with 256 MB of RAM and with 600 MB of swap space. I was able to install Oracle 9i (9.0.1 & 9.2.0) and Oracle's default database without any problems. But when I used less swap space on this PC (256MB RAM), I was runnig out of memory. So I definitely recommend to use more RAM and/or more swap space as specified in the Oracle installation guide.
NOTE: If you do not have enough swap space or RAM during the Oracle installation, in particular during the database creation, your Oracle server (Linux) will temporarily become unresponsive to any events for several minutes.
For more information on correctly sizing the swap space for your database, see Sizing Swap Space.
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