Apache,PHP在Windows9x/NT下的

在PHP邮件列表中问得最多的问题可能就是：“如何在我的Windows机器上安装
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PHP？”，那么也许我可以帮助回答这个问题。当你正确安装完成后，你会发现
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在Windows下开发PHP程序还是不错的。
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本教程的目的是向你展示如何用“Apache和Windows”的组合来开发PHP程序。
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教程中如未指明具体版本，则PHP为PHP3或PHP4 Beta 2或3，Apache为 1.3.x。
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一、安装Apache
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首先，你须要一个WEB服务器，我推荐Apache。先到
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htp://www.apache.org/dist看看。在这页上有世界范围的Apache镜像站点列表
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，找到离你最近的那个。Apache软件一般叫作apache_1_3_x.win32.exe。把它
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当到你机器里，运行它。它会问你将Apache安装到什么地方，你可以设为
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c:Apache，因为马上你就要修改它的配置文件。如果安装没出什么错的话，
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Apache就可以用了。有很多readme文件可供参考，但仅有一个文件是讲Win32平
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台的，包括Window 9x和Windows NT。
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二、安装PHP
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这个问题在PHP邮件列表中出现的次数太多了。你需要安装最新的Windows版的
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PHP。你也许会想到你自己去编译PHP3，但我认为对于一般的开发目的，这不需
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要。PHP也有遍布全世界的镜像站点（中国似乎没有）[jackyz说:似乎是有的
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(http://cn.cnphp.org/) :) ]。选择一个镜像，找到下载区域，选择“Source
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code and Windows distribution”，下载“Windows Binary”。你只须要将当
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下来的文件Unzip(WinZip就挺好的)到你喜欢的目录中，如C:PHP4B3.我推荐用
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版本号作为目录名，这样将来你试用更新版本时，无须删掉老的版本。
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在Windows 95/97下安装PHP4 Beta，需要有DCOM的支持。如果你的机器上未装
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，到这里[jackyz说:可不能怪我,原文缺失了这个链接]去下载一份[jackyz说:
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其实IE5中就有就是那个DCOM*.EXE]。
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三、配置PHP
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与PHP一起分发的文件包里有一个Readme文件，里面讲述了如何配置。有一个文
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件名为PHP.INI-dist，它是PHP的主要配置文件。将它拷贝到你的Windows系统
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目录（Windows 9x的Windows或Windows NT的WinNT目录），并且改名为
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PHP.INI。需要对此文件作适当的修改，最主要的事情是加入一些可能要用到的
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模块，象MySQL等。在PHP.INI文件中找到象下面的这一节内容：
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;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
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; Dynamic Extensions ;
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;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
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; if you wish to have an extension loaded automaticly, use the
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; following syntax: extension=modulename.extension
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; for example, on windows,
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; extension=msql.dll ; or under UNIX,
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; extension=msql.so
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; Note that it should be the name of the module only,
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; no directory information needs to go here.
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; Specify the location of the extension with the
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; extension_dir directive above.
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接下来几行被注释的，如
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;Windows Extensions
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;extension=php_mysql.dll
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;extension=php_nsmail.dll
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;extension=php_calendar.dll
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;extension=php_dbase.dll
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;extension=php_filepro.dll
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...
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你要做的就是将文件的一些行的注释去掉，即删除打头的分号。我自己需要
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MySQL的支持，就从"extension=php3_mysql.dll"一行中去掉了分号“;”，
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在特定情况下，你要用的DLL文件不在这个列表中，只需要简单地加上一行，
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如：“extension=mydll.dll”。这样，PHP就配置好了。
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四、让Apache与PHP一起工作
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找到第一节里你安装Apache的目录，用你喜欢的文件编辑器（最好是支持
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Win32长文件名格式的，如Edit, Ultraedit等）打开.confhttpd.conf文件，
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在本例中是c:Apacheconfhttpd.conf(这个是APACHE的最主要的配置文件，
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不要轻易修改，除非有特定把握)。如看不懂里面的内容，可去参加一下Apache
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文档。 要让Apache与PHP一起工作，你只要加入几行即可，如下：
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scriptAlias /php4b3/ "C:/PHP4B3/"
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AddType application/x-httpd-php3 .php3
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AddType application/x-httpd-php3 .php
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AddType application/x-httpd-php3 .phtml
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Action application/x-httpd-php3 "/php4b3/php.exe"
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需要注意的是上面的这三行不能写错。其中第一行的最后一部分是你安装的PHP
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的目录；后面的两行，你可以直接从这里拷贝并粘帖。这行配置命令都区分大
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小写。
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五、在Windows NT下运行Apache
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如果你运行的Windows NT系统，你可能要将Apache作为系统的服务进程来运行
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。点击“开始”按钮，选择“程序”，“Apache Web Server”，“Insfall
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Apache as Service”。这样，你可以通过NT的控制面版中的“服务”程序来管
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理Apache的启动和终止。除非有特殊的理由，我建议你将“Apache Service”
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的运行方式改为“手动”：打开控制面版，选择“服务”图标，找到“Apache
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Service”，再点击“运行”，将运行方式设为“手动”。不过这样，当你要运
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行Apache时，必须亲自去启动它，虽然如此，在NT关闭时，Apache也会自动关
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闭，你不会看到任何Apache的窗口。
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六、在Windows 9x中运行
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如果你用的是Windows 9x，那么我建议你从作者的网站下载一份“Apache
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Manager for Windows”。它运行时停留在而右下方小图标栏中，并且会隐藏
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Apache创建的控制台窗口。这个程序让你避开讨厌的命令行直接启动、停止、
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重新启动Apache。如果你不用“Apache Manager”，你应通过选择“开始”，
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“程序”，“Apache webserver”及“Apache Server”来启动Apache，这样会
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创建一个控制台窗口。千万别关闭这个窗口，如果关掉，Apache就停止了。要
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停止Apache的运行，你要打开一个MS-Dos窗口，换到你的安装Apache的目录中
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，执行如下命令： apache -k shutdown Apache要花一点时间来关闭它的控制
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台窗口。这主要是为了确保卸载所有的进程，关闭所有的.conf和.log文件。
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这也正是作者编写Apache Manager的原因。
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七、测试你的系统
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我强烈建议你至少通过控制台窗口运行Apache一次。要想得到Apache的运行时
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显示信息的办法是通过控制窗口或error.log文件。error.log文件存放在
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Apache安装目录的log子目录内。如 c:Apachelogerror.log。 好，从“开
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始”，“程序”，“Apache Webserver”中选择“Apache server”运行Apache
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，如果一切都ok的话，你应该能看到像下面的信息：
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Apache/1.3.9(Win32) running...
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如果你未能看到这条消息或Apache窗口稍纵即逝，你就必须从Dos窗口以命令行
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的方式启动Apache。换到你安装Apache的目录，键入"Apache"，看看显示了什
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么消息。如果是“parse error in the conf file”，问题可能出在你的
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httpd.conf上。检查一下，并修正错误。
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所有的都开始正常工作了。要测试你的系统，找开浏览器，输入如下地址：
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http://localhost/，你会看到一个由Apache显示给你的页面，上面写着
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“It works”之类的话。如果未出现这一页，可能你的TCP/IP配置有问题，将
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你的Windows目录里的hosts.sam文件复制为hosts文件，并检查是否有
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“127.0.0.1 localhost”一行，并且没有被注释掉。
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接下来，试试PHP文件。用你喜爱的编输器，在APache安装目录下的htdocs子目
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录中创建一个名为info.php3的文件，内容如下：
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<?phpinfo();?>
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再打开你的浏览器，输入如下地址：http://localhost/info.php3。如果没有
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问题的话，你会看到一张很长的表格，里面有PHP的各种配置信息及相关的环境
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变量，包括Apache的。如果它未工作，请检查你的httpd.conf的设置是否正确
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，这很重要。如果未设置好，Apache将不知道如何去处理.php3的文件。
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八、使用目录别名（Directory Aliases）
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你大可不必将所有的东西放到htdocs 目录中。为了能让Apache正确指到你想要
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ww w.china it power.coIvRKGwwYnwRo1YrwhgL3jX4GD
的目录，你必须编辑httpd.conf文件，增加"Alias"指令。很简单，就像下面这
ww w.china it power.coIvRKGwwYnwRo1YrwhgL3jX4GD

ww w.china it power.coIvRKGwwYnwRo1YrwhgL3jX4GD
样：
ww w.china it power.coIvRKGwwYnwRo1YrwhgL3jX4GD

ww w.china it power.coIvRKGwwYnwRo1YrwhgL3jX4GD
Alias /yoursite/ "c:path/to/your/web/site/"
ww w.china it power.coIvRKGwwYnwRo1YrwhgL3jX4GD

ww w.china it power.coIvRKGwwYnwRo1YrwhgL3jX4GD
重新启动Apache,你新建的目录就开始工作了。用你的浏览器打开
ww w.china it power.coIvRKGwwYnwRo1YrwhgL3jX4GD
http://localhost/yoursite/。当然，你完全可以用你喜欢的名字代替
ww w.china it power.coIvRKGwwYnwRo1YrwhgL3jX4GD
“yoursite”，然后在“c:pathtoyourwebsite”下面按照你的想法建立一
ww w.china it power.coIvRKGwwYnwRo1YrwhgL3jX4GD

ww w.china it power.coIvRKGwwYnwRo1YrwhgL3jX4GD
个属于你自己的网站结构。
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